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In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft.
与此同时，强盛的西班牙早已在墨西哥、西印度群岛和南美洲建立起殖民地。可怜的是，这些前往北美的移民们乘坐拥挤的小船漂洋过海。
During their six- to-twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ship were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey.
1. 首句主干为主谓宾结构，即：they /subsisted on/ barely enough food, 译为：“他们依靠有限的食物维持生存”或“供他们维持生存的食物勉强够”。during their six-to-twelve-week voyage 为时间状语; allotted to them 为food的后置定语，译为：分配给他们的食物。
2. 第二句为三个简单句构成的并列句。
subsist on 维持生活，度日
barely / ˈbeəli; NAmE ˈberli / adv. 勉强
allote / əˈlɔt; NAmE əˈlɑ:t / vt. 分配，配给
infant / ˈinfənt / n. [C] 婴幼儿
rarely / ˈreəli; NAmE ˈrerli / adv. 很少
survive / səˈvaiv; NAmE sərˈv- / vt. 艰难度过，幸免于
During their six- to-twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ship were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey.
在他们6到12周的航程中，分配给他们的食物少的也只够他们维持生存。很多船遭遇风暴而沉没，许多人死于疾病，几乎没有婴幼儿能在这场旅程中存活下来。
Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.
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