在高考英语中，语法填空是较为尴尬的题型，分数不如阅读来的高，难度可比阅读高不少。有很多同学表示看着那个“空”我是真不知道填啥，即使填对了词，也会填错这个词的变型！
语法填空得高分虽然不容易，但想要获得基础分，是有许多技巧可以运用的。
语法填空重在语境中考查考生的综合语言运用能力。它是命题人在预先选好的一篇地道的英语文章中，在保证句子成分、结构和语法等有效解题信息基本完备的基础上，挖去10个空所为，这10个空根据有无提示词可分为有提示词类和无提示词类两种。
【示例1】
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 65. (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements，leading to a 66.belief that populations are increasing.
【分析】
分析句子结构可知，缺少谓语，故应填谓语动词。由时间状语“In recent years”可知，句子用现在完成时；再由主语“some Inuit people”可知，谓语动词应用复数形式，故谓语动词用have reported。
【示例2】
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)When we got a call 68. (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was 69. a joke.
分析：分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词got，空处应填非谓语动词。再由句意可知，say与前面的a call之间是主动关系，故用现在分词短语saying...作后置定语，修饰a call。
【示例1】
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66.that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67. (cause).
【分析】
cause表示“原因，起因”时是可数名词，且前面有all修饰，故填cause的复数形式causes。
【示例2】
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)They also shared with us many 67. (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were 68.hugely(huge) popular with tourists.
分析：所填词修饰名词stories，故应用tradition的形容词形式traditional。
【示例3】
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62. (poor) studied.
【分析】
此处修饰动词studied，故应用形容词poor的副词形式poorly。
【示例4】
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Scientists have responded by 67.noting(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements，leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 68. (high) than they actually are.
【分析】
根据空格后的than可知，此处应用high的比较级形式higher。
【示例5】
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find 68. (they) alive. True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal 69.meant(mean) me no real harm.
【分析】
分析句子结构可知，此处作find的宾语，alive为宾语补足语，故此处要用人称代词的宾格。故填them。
【示例6】
(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)On my recent visit，I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 68. (it) mother.
【分析】
根据空格后的名词mother及前文中的a lively three-month-old twin可知此处作定语，要用形容词性物主代词its。
【示例1】
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Modern methods 63. tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s.
【分析】
a method of/for doing sth做某事的方法。
【示例2】
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I was searching 67. these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing.
【分析】
search for意为“寻找”，为固定搭配，故填介词for。
【示例3】
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Of 69. nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining，six 70.are(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【分析】
此处特指确认的19个北极熊亚种群，故用定冠词the。
【示例4】
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)When we got a call 68.saying(say) she was short-listed，we thought it was 69. joke.
【分析】
joke“笑话，玩笑”，是可数名词。空格后用了单数joke，故其前用a。
【示例5】
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)However，the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months，more than 25，000 people were using 67. every day.
【分析】
指代前句中的the railway，故填it。
【示例6】
(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)In much of Asia，especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China，Japan，Korea，61. Vietnam，food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
【分析】
这里列举了亚洲的一些国家，它们为并列关系，应用and。
【示例7】
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，62. she opened with her late husband Les.
【分析】
分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，the pet shop是先行词，定语从句中缺少opened的宾语，故用which。
【示例8】
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)While they are rare north of 88°， there is evidence 61. they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
【分析】
分析句子结构可知，所填词引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容，从句不缺少成分且意义完整，故用that引导。
语法填空题能全面检测学生在英语词汇、语法，甚至是句法上的运用能力。词性转换一直以来都是高考英语语法填空题的必考点。今天我们为老师和学生整理了语法填空题中涉及到词性转换的题，一起来练习一下吧。1.You should begin to gather information about these careers which will include a job (describe), outlook for the field, and required training and education.2. Most people nowadays are so busy with their lives that they do not have time to enjoy a healthy and (balance) diet.3. This switch has decreased (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.4. The moral of the (origin) story is that a devoted person certainly deserves respect.5. That young man is honest, cooperative, always there when you need his help. In short, he’s (rely).6. Everything seemed to be going (smooth) for the first two days after I moved to New York.7. Thank you for giving me such (value) advice.8. They were chatting noisily. So (bear) was the noise that it almost drove me mad.9. If it had not been for his (invite) the other day, I should not be here now.10. (thankful), I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.11. Children’s bad behavior is often a (reflect) on their parents.12. I have the (convenient) and safety of being about to stay in touch with a phone I can actually use.13. A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience, (especial) if you are traveling at high speed.14. Later that morning, Dario suggested that they write a letter to their neighbors and (apology) for their playing.15. Even though the conference hall is near his apartment, he has to hurry a little if he wants to be (punctually).16. Britney Spears is a hot (sing). Every girl wants to be her because she has sweet voice and perfect outlook.17. Some news will excite their readers (instant) while others won’t.18. Except this practical reason for celebrating the Spring Festival, a popular Chinese legend offers another (explain), which is generally accepted in China.19. After that, I set out to read widely for an (inspire) topic, wrote a speech, and practiced its delivery in beautiful pronunciation with good public speech skills.20. You know, I specialize in zoology, and I’m a good (observe).21. If you want to improve your chances of having a (create) idea while you’re daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task.22. Only by (determine) resistance could their country be saved.23. The aim of education is to teach young people to think for themselves and not follow others (blind).24. They also shared with us many (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were hugely popular with tourists.25. It was (consider) of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.26. I don’t think what he said is (relevance) to the topic we are discussing. He has missed the point.27. He pushed and pulled with all his (strong) to move the stone.28. The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and (comprehension) review of the case.29. At the same time, if there’s a (short) of goods, the prices also increase.30. With online shopping increasingly popular, the Internet is seen as an (efficiency) way of reaching target customers.31. Most people believe that fast food business has become part of our life and its (develop) is good for both society and people.32. My good performance in the job interview left me (optimism) about my future and about what I can do here.33. We all look up to her for her honesty, modesty and (brave).34. She played a (lead) role in the movie put on last week, which made her distinguished.35. His (refuse) to join us in the heated debate really spoiled our fun.36. I’m so (gratefully) to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily.37. Growing flowers provides me with endless (please) and drives away my loneliness.38. The two cars have many (similar) despite the fact that the former one is more luxurious.39. It is not enough only to (memory) rules from a grammar book.40. For my studies I had to read books about (entertain), public relations, journalism, ethics in media and countless other topics.41. In keeping a diary in English, we certainly run up against many (difficult).42. When you exercise, your body produces chemicals that make you feel peaceful and (relax).43. Why do so many people like enjoying music? In my opinion, usually we prefer expressing through music, so we can share many (feel) with other people.44. I dream to be a popular teacher in the future because I hope I can bring knowledge and (happy) to children.45. The young man ran back to the station (hurry) only to find that the old man was gone.46. One of their arguments is that certain species, such as the panda from China and the white tiger from India, are not only protected from being killed but can put their babies under (protect).47. Like university students, US high school students have the (free) to choose the courses that most interest them.48. They gave money to the old people’s home either (personal) or through their companies.49. The double responsibilities of working and studying result in a very busy, (stress) life for some students.50. While your IQ tells you how (intelligence) you are, your EQ tells you how well you use your intelligence. 
