英语比较状语从句的用法大全

一、往期状语从句回顾

英语时间状语从句的用法大全

英语地点状语从句的用法大全

英语目的状语从句的用法大全

英语原因状语从句的用法大全

英语结果状语从句的用法大全

二、比较状语从句

比较状语从句主要用来表达人或事物的属性或特征的不同程度。所以,比较关系都是有关形容词和副词的比较用法的。

比较状语从句分为三类:同级比较、比较级和最高级。

(一)同级比较

当要表达不同的人或物在某方面是一样的时,一般采用同级比较,其基本结构为:as...as...

其中,第一个as为副词,所以后面接的是形容词或副词;而第二个as为连词,所以后面接的是主谓结构,而且谓语动词因为跟主句的一般都是一样的,所以往往会省略掉。如:

  • The soldier is as brave as a lion. (这个战士象狮子一样勇猛。)

  • The short-distance runner wish he can run as fast as the ostrich. (这位短跑运动员真希望自己能跑得像驼鸟一样快。)

【注意】

1、as...as...的否定结构为:not so/as...as...。其中,第一个as也可以换作so。如:

  • The soldier is not so/as brave as a lion.

  • The short-distance runner cannot run so/as fast as the ostrich.

2、the same as也表示“与...一样”。如:

  • Twins look the same as each other. (双胞胎看上去长得一样。)

  • The imperial gallon is not the same as the US gallon. (英制的加仑和与美制的容量不同。)

3、just as表示“正如”,也有“just as..., so...”的句型用法。如:

  • It has turned out just as I wished. (它终于如我所愿。)

  • Just as you would not, so neither would they. (正如你们不愿意一样,他们也不会答应的。)

4、in the same way that表示“正如,与...一样”。如:

  • The brain works like an electrical circuit, sending impulses along nerve fibres in the same way that current is sent through wires. (大脑的工作有如电路的电流通过导线输出,它的脉冲是沿神经纤维发出。)

  • And I'm not talking about losing diversity in the same way that you lose your car keys. (我指的多样化的流失可不像你丢失车钥匙一样。)

(二)比较级

比较级用来表示某人或某物比其他人或物更加如何,其基本结构为:more...than...。如:

  • He is a head taller than his younger sister. (他比他妹妹高一头。)

  • Nothing in the world moves faster than light. (世界上再没有比光运动得更快的东西了。)

【注意】

1、形容词或副词的比较级变化规则

  • 1)直接+er。如:taller/faster

  • 2)以不发音的e结尾+r。如:nicer/later

  • 3)以辅音+y结尾的,改y为i+er。如:drier/slier(狡猾的)

  • 4)以重读闭音节结尾的,双写最后一个辅音字母+er。如:hotter/slimmer

  • 5)三音节及以上的单词,用more来引导比较级。如:more beautiful/more expensive

  • 6)派生词即使是两个音节,也要用more来引导比较级。如:more slowly/more friendly

  • 7)不规则变化。如:good-better, bad-worse, far-farther/further, old-older/elder

2、有时,比较级中的than会省略,因为比较的对象暗含在上下文中,没必要指出。如:

  • He thought to himself that he could get richer by making them work harder. (他心中盘算着,如果叫他们更卖力地干,他就可以发更大的财。)

  • I wish this book was written in bigger character. (我希望这本书的字再大一点儿。)

3、more than表示“不仅仅,不止是”。如:

Brains are more than just education. (有头脑不仅指受过教育。)

She is more than a match for me. (她比我更优秀。)

4、no less...than与no more...than,表示“与...一样的...”。如:

  • He is no less clever than his elder brother. (他和他的大哥一样聪明。)

  • She is no less good at swimming than Mary. (她和玛丽一样擅长游泳。)

  • He is no more considerate of others than his brother is. (他不体谅别人,就跟他弟弟一样。)

  • A whale is no more a fish than the seal is. (正如海豹不是鱼那样,鲸也不是鱼。)

5、the more..., the more...句型,表示“越...,越...”。如:

  • The more he has, the more he wants. (他得到越多,想要的也越多。)

  • The more you soften a request, the more polite it becomes. (你愈使请求柔婉,请求就愈变为客气。)

这种句型的句子如果意思明显,经常省略主句的主语和谓语,有时主、从句的主语和谓语都可以省略。如:

The more, the better. (越多越好。)

The higher the temperature, the greater the pressure. (温度越高,压力越大。)

6、a bit、a little、rather、much、far、by far、many、a lot、a great deal、any、still、even等可以用来修饰比较级。如:

  • The results are even better than we had expected. (这六年来发生的变化,确实比预料的要好。)

  • A bicycle's often far more convenient than a car in busy cities. (在热闹的都市里骑自行车往往比坐汽车方便得多。)

(三)最高级

当三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时,用最高级。形容词的最高级前面要加定冠词the,副词最高级前面的the可以省略。在含有最高级的句子中,常有一个in/of短语来表示比较范围。如:

  • My aunt lived through the worst years of the depression. (我姑妈经历了大萧条时期最糟的年头。)

  • Let's see who can get there quickest. (咱们看看谁最先到达。)

【注意】

1、形容词和副词最高级的变化规则

其变化规则与比较级类似,不同的是,最高级的词尾是加-est或-st,且最高级前往往要加定冠词。具体规则请参考第(二)项中有关比较级的内容。

2、比较级的否定结构可以表达最高级。如:

  • I can't agree more. (我完全赞同。)

  • We can't have a worse day. (今天真是糟糕透顶!)

3、名词或代词主语+be+the+最高级+名词+that+sb.+have ever done。如:

  • Jim is the bravest soldier that we have ever seen. (吉姆是我们见过的最勇敢的士兵。)

  • It is the best film that she has ever watched. (这是她看过的最精彩的电影。)

【注意】

句中的连接词that因为在从句中是作宾语的,所以经常可以省略。


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