医学英语中的名词性后缀
01/
表状态（condition of）的简单名词性后缀
1.-ia
dementia n.痴呆
dysphoria n.烦躁不安
2.-ism
racism n.种族主义
hypersplenism n.脾功能亢进
3.-sis
thrombosis n.血栓形成
fibrosis n.纤维化
4.-y
atony n.弛缓，无力
polydactyly n.多指（趾）畸形
02/
表医学专业或职业（specialty）的名词性后缀
1.-ian/-ist
specialist in a field of study 某领域专家
physician n.内科医师
podiatrist n.足科医师
2.-iatrics/-iatry/-ics
medical specialty 某医学专科
pediatrics n.儿科学
psychiatry n.精神病学
orthopedics n.矫形外科
3.-ology
study of 某学科
biology n.生物学
physiology n.生理学
03/
表临床操作或其方法、工具的名词性后缀
1.-centesis
surgical puncture to remove fluid 穿刺取液
thoracocentesis n.胸腔穿刺
amniocentesis n.羊膜腔穿刺
2.-ectomy
excision, removal 切除术
mastectomy n.乳房切除术
laryngectomy n.喉切除术
hysterectomy n.子宫切除术
3.-gram
record 记录（以图、片等形式）
electroencephalogram n.脑电图
mammogram n.乳房X光片
echocardiogram n.超声心动图
4.-graph
instrument for recording 记录仪
electrocardiograph n.心电图记录仪
electroencephalograph n.脑电图记录仪
5.-graphy
processing of recording 记录方法
electrocardiography n.心电描记法
angiography n.血管造影术
6.-meter
instrument to measure 测量仪
tympanometer n.鼓室计
sphygmomanometer n.血压计
7.-metry
process of measure 测量过程/方法
spirometry n.呼吸量测定法
urinometry n.尿比重测定法
8.-opsy
to view 检查
biopsy n.活组织检查
necropsy = autopsy n.尸检
9.-plasty
surgical repair 修复术，成形术
angioplasty n.血管成形术
rhinoplasty n.鼻成形术
rhytidoplasty n.皱纹成形术，除皱术
10.-scope
instrument for visual examination 检查用仪器
laparoscope n.腹腔镜
microscope n.显微镜
11.-scopy
process of visual examination 检查过程/方法
laparosopy n.腹腔镜检查
bronchoscopy n.支气管镜检查
12.-stomy
opening to form a mouth 造口术，造瘘术
colostomy n.结肠造口术
gastrostomy n.胃造口术
tracheostomy n.气管造瘘术
13.-therapy
treatment 疗法
hydrotherapy n.水疗
chemotherapy n.化疗
radiotherapy n.放疗
14.-tome
instrument for incision 刀，切割用的工具
microtome n.显微镜用薄片切片机
osteotome n.骨刀，骨凿
15.-tomy
incision, cutting into 切开术
laparotomy n.剖腹术
phlebotomy n.静脉切开术，静脉取血术
orchidotomy n.睾丸切开术
16.-lithotomy
incision for removal of a stone 切开取石术
choledocholithotomy n.胆总管切开取石术
04/
表人体表结构或组织（structure, tissue）的名词性后缀
-um/-ium/-us/-is/-il/-a/-x
例如：
pericardium n.心包
esophagus n.食管
mucus n.粘液
tonsil n.扁桃体
vertebra n.椎骨
larynx n.喉
05/
其他临床常见名词性后缀
1.-algia
pain 疼痛
arthralgia n.关节痛
neuralgia n.神经痛
cephalalgia n.头痛
2.-amnios
amnion, inner fetal sac 羊膜
oligohydramnios n.羊水过少
polyhydramnios n.羊水过多
3.-cardia
heart 心
tachycardia n.心动过速
dextrocardia n.右位心
4.-cele
hernia, protrusion 疝，突出
rectocele n.直肠脱出，脱肛
hydrocele n.阴囊鞘膜积液
cystocele n.膀胱脱出（突入阴道）
5.-chalasia
relaxation 舒张，松弛
achalasia n.食管失弛缓症
cardiochalasia n.贲门松弛
6.-chezia
condition of stools 排便状态
hematochezia n.血便
dyschezia n.排便困难
7.-cyesis
pregnancy, gestation 妊娠
pseudocyesis n.假孕
acyesis n.不孕
8.-cyte
cell 细胞
erythrocyte n.红细胞
thrombocyte n.血小板
9.-dipsia
condition of thirst 口渴
polydipsia n.烦渴，多饮
oligodipsia n.少饮
hydroadipsia n.不渴症
10.-dynia
pain 疼痛
pleurodynia n.肋肌痛
pharyngodynia n.咽痛
11.-ectasis/-ectasia
dilation 扩张
bronchiectasis n.支气管扩张
telangiectasia n.毛细血管扩张
12.-emesis
vomiting 呕吐
hematemesis n.呕血
hyperemesis n.剧吐
13.-emia
blood condition 血液状态
anemia n.贫血
ischemia n.局部缺血
14.-genesis
condition of producing, forming 产生，形成
carcinogenesis n.致癌作用
angiogenesis n.血管形成
15.-gravida
pregnancy, gestation 妊娠
nulligravida n.未孕妇
primigravida n.初孕妇
multigravida n.多孕妇（次数>1）
16.-iasis
condition 状态
cholelithiasis n.胆石症
schistosomiasis n.血吸虫病
17.-itis
inflammation 炎症
bronchitis n.支气管炎
myelitis n.脊髓炎
osteomyelitis n.骨髓炎
18.-lepsy
seizure （疾病）突然发作，癫痫
narcolepsy n.发作性睡病
catalepsy n.全身僵硬症
19.-lysis
breakdown, destruction, separation 破坏，分解，分离
hemolysis n.溶血
glycogenolysis n.糖原分解
onycholysis n.甲床剥离症
20.-malacia
softening 软化
osteomalacia n.骨软化
chondromalacia n.软骨软化
21.-mania
condition of madness 狂，癖
trichotillomania n.拔毛发癖
ablutomania n.清洗癖
22.-megaly
enlargement 增大
acromegaly n.肢端肥大
splenomegaly n.脾肿大
cardiomegaly n.心脏增大
23.-ole/-ule
little, small 小的
arteriole n.微动脉
venule n.微静脉
24.-oma
tumor, mass, collection of fluid 肿瘤，包块，积液
myoma n.肌瘤
hematoma n.血肿
25.-opia/-opsia
vision condition 视觉状态
hyperopia n.远视
senopia n.老年视力回春（老年时视力改善，为进展中白内障的征兆）
26.-orexia
appetite condition 食欲状态
anorexia nervosa n.神经性厌食
cynorexia n.贪食症
27.-osis
abnormal condition 异常状态
hydronephrosis n.肾积水
leukocytosis n.白细胞增多
keratosis n.皮肤角化病
28.-para
delivery, parturition 分娩
primipara n.初产妇
multipara n.经产妇
ovovivipara n.卵胎生动物
29.-pathy
disease condition 疾病状态
cardiomyopathy n.心肌病
nephropathy n.肾病
30.-penia
defiency 减少，缺乏
erythropenia n.红细胞减少
thrombocytopenia n.血小板减少
31.-pepsia
digestion condition 消化状态
dyspepsia n.消化不良
oligopepsia n.消化力不足
32.-pexy
fixation, suspension 固定
nephropexy n.肾固定术
gastropexy n.胃固定术
33.-phagia
condition of swallowing, eating 吞食状态
dysphagia n.吞咽困难
polyphagia n.多食
34.-phil
attraction 吸引，亲嗜
basophil n.嗜碱性细胞
acidophil n.嗜酸性细胞
35.-phobia
fear 恐惧
acrophobia n.恐高症
agoraphobia n.旷野恐惧症
36.-phylaxis
protection 保护
prophylaxis n.预防
37.-plakia
condition of patches 斑块
leukoplakia n.黏膜白斑
malacoplakia n.软化斑
38.-plasia/-plasm
development, formation, growth 生长，发育，形成
achondroplasia n.软骨发育不全
neoplasm n.新生物
39.-plegia
paralysis 瘫痪
paraplegia n.截瘫
hemiplegia n.半瘫
quadriplegia n.四肢瘫痪
40.-pnea
breathing 呼吸
apnea n.呼吸停止
tachypnea n.呼吸过快
41.-poiesis
formation, production 形成，产生
erythropoiesis n.红细胞生成
hematopoiesis n.造血
42.-ptosis
drooping, falling, prolapse 下垂，脱垂
blepharoptosis n.上睑下垂
uvulaptosis n.悬雍垂下垂
esophagoptosis n.食管下垂
43.-ptysis
spitting 吐出
hemoptysis n.咯血
albuminoptysis n.白蛋白痰
44.-rrhaphy
suture, repair 缝合，修复
herniorrhaphy n.疝修复术
colporrhaphy n.阴道缝合术
45.-rrhea
flow, discharge 流，排出
rhinorrhea n.鼻液溢
oligomenorrhea n.月经过少
46.-rrhexis
rupture 破裂
angiorrhexis n.血管破裂
enterorrhexis n.肠破裂
47.-sclerosis
hardening 硬化
arteriosclerosis n.动脉硬化
arteriolosclerosis n.细动脉硬化
atherosclerosis n.动脉粥样硬化
48.-stasis
controlling, stopping 控制，使停止
metastasis n.肿瘤转移
hemostasis n.止血
49.-sthenia
condition of strength 力量状态
myasthenia gravis n.重症肌无力
angiosthenia n.血管张力
hyposthenia n.体力不足
50.-thymia
state of mind 情感精神状态
dysthymia n.情感异常，精神抑郁
poikilothymia n.情感多变
51.-trite
instrument to crush 碎物工具
lithotrite n.碎石器
52.-trophy
development, nourishment 发育，营养
hypertrophy n.肥大
atrophy n.萎缩
53.-uria
urinary condition 排尿状态
hematuria n.血尿
oliguria n.少尿
06/
名词性后缀的单复数变形
1.-a 变-ae
例如：vertebra vertebrae n.椎骨
2.-en 变-ina
例如：lumen lumina n.腔
3.-ex/-ix （x前为元音字母）变-ices
例如：matrix matrices n.基质
4.-nx/-yx （x前为辅音字母）变-nges/-yges
例如：phalanx phalanges n.指（趾）骨
5.-is变-es
例如：diagnosis diagnoses n.诊断
6.-ma变-mata
例如：stigma stigmata n.身体的标记或疤痕
7.-on/-um变-a
例如：
ganglion ganglia n.神经节
serum sera n.血清
8.-us变-i
例如：thrombus thrombi n.血栓
07/
形容词性后缀
（表“与…相关的”或”与…相似的”）
1、表“与…相关的”
-ac cardiac a.心的
-al vocal a.声音的
-an median plane n.正中矢状面
-ar nuclear a.核的
-ary salivary a.唾液的
-eal laryngeal a.喉的
-ic anatomic a.解剖的
-ical electrical a.电的
-ile virile a.男性的
-ior anterior a.前面的
-ory circulatory a.循环的
-ous cutaneous a.皮肤的
2、表”与…相似的”
-form muciform a.粘液样的
-oid lymphoid a.淋巴（样）的