杜高长什么样算标准？| 阿根廷杜高 FCI 标准

注：该标准中文版翻译自FCI国际纯种犬标准英文版，已发布于CKU新官网-犬种百科

FCI-国际纯种犬标准第 292 号

DOGO ARGENTINO

阿根廷杜高

本图片并不一定代表该犬种的理想类型

ORIGIN: Argentina.

起源国：阿根廷

UTILIZATION: Big-game hunting dog.

用途：大型猎物狩猎犬

FCI-CLASSIFICATION:

Group 2 Schnauzer and Pinscher,Molossians and Swiss Mountain- and Cattledogs.

Section 2.1 Molossian, Dogue type.

Without working trial.

FCI分组：

第2组 宾莎犬和雪纳瑞类-獒犬，瑞士山地犬和瑞士牧牛犬组

第2.1类  獒犬类

无工作测试。

BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY:

This breed is native to theprovince of Cordoba, in the Mediterranean region of Argentina.Its creator was Dr. Antonio Nores Martinez, a prominent and activesurgeon (1907 – 1956).

His work was based upon the methodical crossbreeding of the “OldFighting Dog of Cordoba”, a breed of great power and strength,which was the product of crossbreeding among dog of the breeds Bulldogs and Bull Terriers.

He selected completely white dogs for breeding, not undershot, withheavy heads and long muzzle.

After a thorough and minute character study and selection, throughdifferent generations, his aim was accomplished forming differentfamilies always using as a start the Old Fighting Dog of Cordobawhich was crossed at first with English Bull Dog, Great Dane, Pyrenean Mastiff, Bull Terrier, Boxer, Pointer, Dogue de Bordeauxand Irish Wolfhound.

In 1947 the breed was already created and its genotype andphenotype were stabilized. The same year the breed standard was presented at the Hunter’s Club in the City of Buenos Aires.

Its strength, tenacity, sense of smell and bravery make it the best inthe pack of dogs to hunt wild boars, peccaries, pumas and otherpredators of agriculture and livestock that inhabit the vast anddiverse regions of Argentina. This is the traditional activity for which Antonio Nores created this breed.

In 1964 it was recognized as a breed by the FCA (FederaciónCinologica Argentina) and the Sociedad Rural Argentina, whichopened their studbook to initiate registry.

Just in 1973 the breed was accepted by the FCI. This was possiblethanks to the great passion and unique work and effort of Dr. AgustínNores Martínez, brother of the founder of the breed, who achievedthis recognition not only because of his individual actions but alsofrom the institutional action of the FCA and the Dogo ArgentinoClub “Dr. Antonio Nores Martinez”.

历史沿革：

该种犬的祖先生长于阿根廷共和国中部地区的科多巴省。其培育人是安东尼奥·诺里斯·马丁内兹博士（1907-1956），他是一位有名的外科医生。

他的工作基于系统的改良“科多巴的古老斗犬”，这是一种强壮有力的犬，由斗牛犬种和牛头梗犬种杂交而来。

他选择纯白的犬只进行繁育，下颌不突出，头大且吻部略长。

进行彻底细致的筛选和性格研究后，经过若干迭代，他成功固定了不同品系，都是以科多巴古老斗犬为基础，结合英国斗牛、大丹、比利牛斯獒犬、牛头梗、拳师、指示犬、波尔多獒和爱尔兰猎狼犬。

1947年这一品种创立，其基因型和表现型也稳定下来。同年，该犬种标准公布于布宜诺斯艾利斯的猎犬协会。

此犬的力量、坚韧、灵敏的嗅觉和勇敢使其成为最好的群猎犬，用于对付野猪、美洲狮及其他在出没在阿根廷的广袤大地上、破坏庄稼和牲畜的食肉动物。这正是安东尼奥·诺里斯博士培训该犬的目的。

1964年获得FCA（阿根廷犬业联盟）和阿根廷农业协会认可，开始首批血统登记注册。

1973年FCI认可该犬种。这归功于犬种创始人的弟弟，奥斯汀·诺里斯·马丁内兹博士，他的满腔热情和执着努力，以及FCA和阿根廷杜高俱乐部的支持促成了这一认证。

GENERAL APPEARANCE:

It is an athletic dog, mesomorphic,normal type, of harmonious proportions. With powerful muscles andagile, his appearance gives the impression of power, energy andstrength, in contrast to its expression of friendship and gentleness.All-white; can have a single dark spot on the skull.

整体外貌：

一种运动型犬种，擅长运动，中等体型，比例协调。肌肉发达灵活，外观有活力，有力量，与表情的友好和温柔形成对比。全身为白色，可以在头盖骨有一处深色的斑点。

IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS: Mesocephalic, the muzzle shouldbe the same length as the skull.The height at the withers should be slightly greater than the height atthe croup.Depth of chest should represent at least 50% of the height at thewithers.The length of the body should exceed the height at the withers byonly 10% (maximum).

重要比例：

擅长运动，口吻与头盖骨等长。肩高略大于从臀部到地面的距离。胸深是肩高的一半。体长比肩高多10 个百分点(最多)。

BEHAVIOUR / TEMPERAMENT:

It should be silent, neverbarking on the trail, with a keen nose and excellent flair, vent, agile,strong, robust and especially brave.Should never be aggressive toward humans, a feature that will beseverely observed. It must give you love without conditions orreservations.

行为/秉性：

安静，不大声吠叫，嗅觉敏锐并且有优秀的天分，敏捷，强壮，精力充沛、勇敢。对人决不能有攻击性，这一点必须严格关注。必须无条件无保留的爱你。

HEAD：Of mesocephalic type, it looks strong and powerful.The cranio-facial axes are convergent.

头部：

运动型犬种的头部，外观强壮有力，颅面部线条是收敛的。

CRANIAL REGION: 颅部区域

Skull: Compact, convex seen in profile and from the front due to theoutline of the well developed masticatory and neck muscles.

头骨：紧凑，因咀嚼肌和颈部肌肉发达，从侧面和正面看轮廓凸出。

Occiput: Occipital protuberance not visible due to powerful musclesof neck which hide it completely.

枕骨：因颈部肌肉发达，枕骨隆起不明显。

Stop : Defined but should not be deep or have sharp/abrupt angles.

额段：清晰，但不应有深的或尖锐的/陡的角度。

FACIAL REGION: 面部区域

FACIAL REGION: As long as the skull, the line joining the twofrontal orbital muscles is equidistant from the occiput and themandibular joint of the upper jaws.

面部：和头骨一样长。连接两眼窝的线的距离等于枕骨和上颌与下颌连接点的距离。

Nose:Strongly Black pigmented. Nostrils well opened.

鼻：黑色沉淀非常好。鼻孔大。

Muzzle: Same length as the skull, with concave top line.

口吻：与头骨长度相等，上线略凹陷。

Lips: Tight, free edges, black pigmented, never pendulous.

唇：紧，边缘松，黑色，没有垂肉。

Jaws/Teeth: Jaws correctly positioned, well-developed and strong,With no under or overshot, with healthy teeth, large and with normalimplant. Full dentition is recommended. Scissor bite, pincer bite isaccepted.

颌/牙齿：上下颌位置正确，发育良好强壮。上、下颌不突出，牙齿健康，大且排列正常。牙齿齐全为佳。剪状咬合，水平咬合也可。

Cheeks: Large, marked, covered by strong skin, without folds. Welldevelopedmasseter muscles.

面颊：大、较平，皮厚，无褶皱。咀嚼肌发育良好。

Eyes: Medium size, almond shaped, dark or hazel coloured, lidspreferably with black pigmentation. Sub-frontal position, wide apart,lively and intelligent expression but at the same time remarkablyfirm.

眼睛：中等大小，杏仁形，黑色或淡褐色，为颜色最好为黑色的眼睑所保护，前面靠下的位置，间距要大。机警有神，同时也很坚定。

Ears: Set high, lateral, well apart due to the width of the skull.Functionally, they should be cropped and erect, in triangular shapeand with a length that should not exceed 50% of the front edge of theauricle of the natural ear. Without being cropped, they are ofmedium length, broad, thick, flat and rounded at the tip.Covered with smooth hair which is slightly shorter than on the rest ofthe body; they can have small spots, not to be penalized.In natural position they hang down covering the back of the cheeks.When the dog is alert they may be carried semi-erect.

耳朵：位置高且靠后，由于头骨宽而间距较远。出于功能考虑，其耳要被修剪，同时还要竖立。耳为三角形，其长度不能超过整个自然状态的（未剪耳的）耳朵的外耳的边缘的50%。若未修剪，则应为中等长度、宽、厚、平且耳尖要圆。耳上的被毛要比身体其它部分的毛短；可能会有小的斑点，不会被罚分。自然状态下，耳会下垂并会盖住脸颊后部。警觉时，耳朵会半竖起。

NECK: Thick, arched, the skin of the throat is very thick formingsmooth folds without forming dewlap. The elasticity of the skin isdue to the cellular tissue being very lax.

颈部：粗，拱形，喉部皮肤非常厚，形成光滑的褶皱，但不形成垂肉。 皮肤的弹性由于细胞状组织非常的松弛。

BODY: 躯干

BODY：Rectangular. The length of the body (measured from thepoint of shoulder to point of buttock) may exceed the height at thewithers by only 10%.

躯干：矩形。身体的长度（从肩点到臀尖）只可以超过肩高的10%。

Top line: Higher at the withers, sloping gently to the croup. Theadults have a median furrow along the spine caused by theprominence of the spinal muscles. See from the side should not haveany depression.

顶线：肩胛处稍高，微微向臀部倾斜。由于脊椎的肌肉突出导致成犬可以延脊椎有一个中沟。 从侧面看不应有任何的下陷。

Withers: Strong, well defined and high.

肩：强壮，明显并且位置高。

Back: Very strong, with muscles well defined.

背：很结实，肌肉明显。

Loin: Short, broad, very muscular.

腰: 短，宽，肌肉发达。

Croup: Broad and strong. Moderately inclined.

臀：宽而强壮。适度倾斜。

Chest: Broad and deep. Seen from the front and profile, the sternummust reach down to the level of the elbows, thereby giving maximumbreathing capacity. The thorax is long with ribs moderately curved.

胸：宽且深。从前面和侧面看，胸腔的胸骨线与肘线齐平，以使胸腔提供最大限度地呼吸空间。肋骨长且弯曲适当。

Underline and Belly: Rising slightly on the bottom line of the chest,never tucked up, strong and with good muscle tension.

底线和腹部：在胸腔底线前略上提，但不折起。强壮、肌肉紧绷。

TAIL: Long, not to exceed the hock joint, thick medium set. At restit hangs down naturally, in action it is raised in an arc with an amplecurve.

尾：长，不超过跗关节，尾根粗。 休息时自然下垂， 动态时上提成拱形有足够的弧度。

LIMBS: 四肢

FOREQUARTERS: 前躯

General appearance: Legs straight, vertical, with short and tight toes.

整体外形：腿直， 垂直，足趾短而紧凑。

Shoulder : Laid back, with great muscular development withoutexaggerations.

肩：向后， 肌肉发育好，没有夸张。

Upper arm: Same length as the shoulder; well inclined.

上臂：与肩部同等长度，自然倾斜。

Elbow : Sturdy, covered with a thicker and more elastic skin,without folds or wrinkles. Naturally placed against the chest wall.

肘部: 强壮，皮肤更厚重更有弹性，没有褶皱或皱纹。自然置于胸廓两侧。

Forearm: As long as the upper arm, perpendicular to the ground,straight with strong bone and muscles.

前臂：与上臂等长，垂直于地面， 直，骨骼强壮肌肉发达。

Pastern joint: Broad and in line with the forearm, without bonyprominences or skin folds.

系部关节：宽，与前肢在同一条线上，无骨突或皮肤褶。

Pastern: Rather flat, well boned; seen from the side slightly inclined,without exaggeration.

系部：略平，骨骼发育良；从侧面看，略倾斜， 没有夸张。

Forefeet: With short and tight-fitting toes. With strong thick andresistant pads, preferably black pigmented.

前足：短而紧凑的足趾。足垫丰满、硬实，更偏爱黑色。

LIMBS: 四肢

HINDQUARTERS: 后躯

General appearance: Well muscled, with short pasterns and tightfittingtoes, without dewclaws. Moderate angulation.

整体外形：肌肉发达，短的骹和紧凑的足趾，没有狼爪。角度适当。

Upper thigh: Well proportioned, with visible and well developedmuscles.

大腿：比例好， 可见的发达的肌肉。

Stifle (Knee): Well angulated.

后膝关节：角度好。

Lower thigh: Slightly shorter than upper thigh, strong and muscular.

小腿：比大腿稍短，强壮有肌肉。

Hock joint / Hock: The tarsus-metatarsus section is short, strong andfirm, ensuring powerful propulsion of the hind limb. Tarsus isrobust, with the point of the hock very prominent. Hocks are strong,almost cylindrical and vertical, without dewclaws.

跗关节：跗跖关节部分短，强壮并且稳固，确保了后躯的有力。强健的跖部带有一个突出的的跗关节（跖骨）。强健的跗关节几成圆柱形，垂直，没有狼爪。

Hind feet: Similar to forefeet, although somewhat smaller andslightly longer, maintaining the same characteristics.

后足：类似前足，只是显得略小、更长一些，其它特征相同。

GAIT/MOVEMENT:  Agile and firm; with noticeablemodification when showing interest in something, changing into analert attitude and responding with quick reflexes, typical for thisbreed. Calm when walking; trot is extended, with good frontsuspension and powerful rear propulsion. At gallop, the dog showsall of its energy, fully displaying its power. The movement is agileand firm when walking, trotting or galloping. Should be harmoniousand balanced showing a solid body construction. Ambling (pacing) isnot accepted and is considered a serious fault.

步态/动态：

敏捷且稳固；当遇到感兴趣的事物时表情变化明显，会变为警觉的姿态并且反应敏捷，是这种犬的典型特点。行走时平静，小跑时腿前伸，前伸自然，后驱有力。飞奔时，这种犬会展示出其全部的能量。行走慢跑或快跑时，动态敏捷并稳固，应当和谐并平衡展示出稳固的身体结构。缓行（踱步）不被接受，会被视为严重缺陷。

SKIN: Homogeneous, thick but elastic. The semi-loosesubcutaneous tissue is elastic, without wrinkling, except on thethroat, where the subcutaneous tissue is more lax. Lips and eyelidspigmented in black are preferred. Black pigmented skin is notpenalized.

皮肤：均匀，略厚，但有弹性。半松弛的皮下组织有弹性，没有皱纹，除了喉部的皮下组织更为松弛。唇边和眼眶粘膜最好为黑色。黑皮肤不判罚失格。

COAT: 被毛

Hair:  Uniform, short, smooth, with an average length of 1.5 to 2 cm.Density and thickness vary according to climate.

毛质：一致、短、平且手感光滑，平均长度为1.5-2 厘米。不同气候条件下被毛的密度和粗细度也不同。

Colour: Entirely white. Only one black or dark-coloured patch on theskull, but which can also be located on one ear or around one eye.The size of the spot must be in proportion to the size of the head, notexceeding 10% of the latter. Comparing two dogs of equal quality,the whiter should be preferred.

毛色: 完全为白色。仅允许在头骨有一条黑色或暗色的条纹，但是也可以位于一只耳朵或一只眼睛周围。

斑点的大小必须与头部大小成比例， 不超过后者的10%。 在比较两只同等质量的犬只时，更白色的犬只更好。

SIZE AND WEIGHT: 尺寸和重量

Height at withers :

Dogs: 60 to 68 cm. Bitches: 60 to 65 cm.

肩高：

公犬 60-68厘米，母犬 60-65厘米。

Ideal height:

Dogs: 64 to 65 cm. Bitches: 62 to 64 cm.

理想肩高：

公犬 64-65厘米，母犬 62-64厘米。

Weight: Approximately:

Males: 40 to 45 kg. Bitches: 40 to 43 kg.

重量：

公犬：40-45公斤，母犬：40-43公斤。

FAULTS: 缺陷

FAULTS:

Any departure from the foregoing points should beconsidered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should beregarded should be in exact proportion to its degree and its effectupon the health and welfare of the dog and its ability to perform itstraditional task.

缺陷：任何与上述各点的背离均视为缺陷，缺陷的严重程度与缺陷的程度大小及此缺陷对犬只的健康、福利和执行传统工作的能力成正比。

SERIOUS FAULTS: 严重缺陷

SERIOUS FAULTS:

  • Lack of bone and muscle development (weakness).

  • Nose partially pigmented in adults specimens.

  • Small, weak or unhealthy teeth.

  • Entropion, ectropion.

  • Eyes of round appearance due to the shape of the eyelids, bulgingeyes, light or yellow. Barrel chest.

  • Keel chest. Flat ribs.

  • Lack of depth of chest, which does not reach the level of theelbows.

  • Lack of angulation on the limbs.

  • Croup higher than withers.

  • Ambling movement (pacing).

  • Males and females whose weight does not comply with theofficial valid standard and not in proportion to the size of thedog.

严重缺陷：

  • 骨骼弱、肌肉不发达（弱）。

  • 成犬鼻子部分着色。

  • 牙齿小、弱、不健康。

  • 眼睑内翻或外翻。

  • 由于眼周的形状，突出的眼球，颜色浅或发黄导致眼睛外观发圆。

  • 桶状胸。平胸。肋骨平。

  • 胸深不够， 没有达到肘部。

  • 四肢缺乏角度。

  • 臀部高于肩胛骨。

  • 缓行（踱步）。

  • 公犬和母犬的重量与正式有效的标准不符并且与犬只的大小不成比例。

DISQUALIFYING FAULTS: 失格缺陷

DISQUALIFYING FAULTS:

  • Aggressive or overly shy dogs.

  • Any dog clearly showing physical of behavioural abnormalities shall be disqualified.

  • Over or undershot mouth.

  • Deafness.

  • Lack of type.

  • Long hair.

  • Total lack of pigmentation of the nose in dogs aged 2 years ormore.

  • Brown nose.

  • Pendulous lips.

  • Spots on the hair of the body.

  • More than one spot on the head.

  • Height above or below the limits established in the standard.

  • Eyes of different colour or blue.

  • Lack of sexual dimorphism.

失格缺陷：

  • 有攻击性或过度羞怯

  • 任何犬只明显表现出体力上或行为上的异常，都应被判定为失格。

  • 缺乏性别特征。

  • 上颚突出或下颚突出。

  • 耳聋。

  • 缺少典型特征。

  • 毛长。

  • 两岁或两岁以上的犬只的鼻子的色素沉淀不够。

  • 棕色鼻。

  • 下垂的唇。

  • 身体的毛发处有斑块。

  • 头部有超过一个斑块。

  • 高于或低于标准中规定的肩高。

  • 眼睛的颜色不同或为蓝色。

  • 缺乏性别特征。

N.B.：

  • Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fullydescended into the scrotum.

  • Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with breed typicalconformation, should be used for breeding.

注：

  • 公犬具备两个明显正常且完全置于阴囊的睾丸

  • 只有身体机能以及临床表现健康的，具备典型犬种结构的犬只，才可用于繁殖。

▲ 犬只各部位名称（FCI标准通用）

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