双宾语(double object)由直接宾语(direct object)和间接宾语(indirect object)组成。直接宾语是两个宾语中谓语动词直接指向的承受者。间接宾语是两个宾语中另外一个,是谓语动词的间接承受者,表示谓语动作的方向(对谁做)或动作的目标(为谁做)。
一、间接宾语紧接在谓语动词后,但它不能单独存在,它和直接宾语组成双宾语,当我们谈论某人收到某物时,我们可以用一贯的语序来表达:间接宾语+直接宾语,例如:
I gave him some money yesterday.
我昨天给了他一些钱。
解析:此句中的 him 是间接宾语,some money 是直接宾语。
I will buy her a book tomorrow.
我明天给她买本书。
解析:此句中的 her 是间接宾语,a book 是直接宾语。
I gave Margaret a present.
我送给玛格丽特一件礼物。
解析:此句中的 Margaret 是间接宾语,a present 是直接宾语。
下面几种情况,通常要用介词 to 或 for + 介词宾语(介词补足语):1、当我们要更多的强调接收者(间接宾语)时,可以使用介词宾语替代间接宾语,例如以上例句可以分别改为如下:
I gave some money to him yesterday.I will buy a book for her tomorrow.I gave a present to Margaret.
2、当直接宾语是人称代词(it/them)且间接宾语是名词或两个宾语都是人称代词时,例如:
Do not go out and give it to other people.If no one else wants it, we might as well give it to him.If there's a letter from France please show it to me.She gave her ticket to the woman at the check-in desk.On the bus, he often gives his seat to an old person.4、在正式的上下文中,我们有时会把介词宾语放在句首,以便把焦点放在直接宾语中给出的新信息上,例如:For his wife, he wrote a beautiful poem.解析:把介词宾语 his wife 放在句首,把焦点放在 a beautiful poem 上。正确:He passed Williams the ball.错误:Williams he passed the ball.