178.Adrenal myelolipomas (肾上腺髓样脂肪瘤）

每天朗读一段医学影像学英语文章

Adrenal myelolipomas are benign tumors comprising variable amounts of mature adipose cells and hematopoietic tissue. This neoplasm is functionally inactive and is usually discovered incidentally during abdominal imaging or autopsy. Although most myelolipomas are asymptomatic, hemorrhage or necrosis can occur within the tumor, and adjacent structures may be compressed, especially by larger lesions.

肾上腺髓样脂肪瘤是良性肿瘤，由大量变异的成熟脂肪细胞和造血组织构成。肿瘤功能不活跃通常在腹部影像检查或活检时偶然发现。虽然大多数髓样脂肪瘤无症状，但病灶中可伴出血和坏死，导致邻近组织受压，尤其当病变较大时。

The demonstration of well-defined macroscopic fat within an adrenal mass on CT examination virtually confirms the diagnosis of adrenal myelolipoma. Other considerations in the differential diagnosis of a suprarenal fatty mass include an exophytic renal or extrarenal angiomyolipoma, a retroperitoneal teratoma, lipoma, or possibly a liposarcoma.

影像表现为：肾上腺肿块内肉眼可见的边界清楚的脂肪组织，CT检查足以明确诊断。肾上腺脂肪性肿块的鉴别诊断包括：肾外生性血管平滑肌脂肪瘤，腹膜后畸胎瘤，脂肪瘤，或脂肪肉瘤。

Careful analysis of the lesion for exact location, margination, internal consistency, and CT attenuation values should allow a correct diagnosis. Tumors with irregular margins, internal heterogeneity, significant contrast enhancement, and attenuation values greater than that of normal fat should be considered suggestive of malignancy. 仔细观察病变的部位、轮廓、内部成分是否均质和CT值有助于得出正确诊断。若肿瘤边界不规则，内部成分不均质，明显强化，密度明显高于正常的脂肪密度，则提示恶性可能。

Notes：

1. myelolipoma ['maɪloʊlɪ'poʊmə] 髓样脂肪瘤

2. hematopoietic [hemətoʊpɔɪ'i:tɪk] adj. 造血的，生血的

3. hemorrhage  [ˈhɛmərɪdʒ] n.（尤指大量的）出血

4. necrosis [neˈkroʊsɪs] n. 坏死

5. macroscopic  [ˌmækrə'skɒpɪk] adj. 宏观的; 肉眼可见的

6. angiomyolipoma [ænɡɪrma'ɪɒlɪpəmə] 血管平滑肌脂肪瘤

7. liposarcoma  [lɪpoʊsɑ:'koʊmə] n. 脂肪肉瘤

来源：每天朗读一段医学影像学英语文章

圈主

深圳市人民医院放射科副主任医师杨敏洁

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