世界卫生组织( WHO )设立每年的 10 月 10 日为世界精神卫生日 ( World Mental Health Day )。精神卫生,从英文原词看也可以理解为是精神健康1。根据 WHO 官网,精神健康被定义为是个人福祉和有效运作的基础。它不仅仅是没有精神障碍;它是一种思考、学习和理解一个人的情绪和他人的反应的能力。精神健康是一种平衡状态,既是人内部,也是与环境间的平衡状态。身体、心理、社会、文化、心灵和其他相关的因素参与产生这种平衡。精神健康和身体健康之间有着不可分割的联系2。在中华预防医学会精神卫生分会 2019 年学术会议上,国家卫健委主任委员谢斌在致辞中指出,“当前卫生事业正从满足医疗需求向满足健康需求转变,关注对象从严重精神障碍患者逐步拓展到全人群、全生命周期,在生命每一个阶段都将预防作为优先事项”,凸显出精神健康的重要性3。而早在 2015 年,Nature 杂志就发表过一篇题为“Mental Health: Thinking from the Gut ”的短文,为针对精神健康问题,从 “肠” 计议,提供了科学理论依据上的总结4。近年来,关于脑肠轴的研究则提供了更加充分的理论支持。图1. Pubmed搜索“Gut Brain Axis”的结果。
尽管,我们已经有了很多新发现和新进展,但是迄今为止,该领域的很多工作都是在动物模型中进行的,因此,确定这些结论是否能够应用于人类是至关重要,且具有挑战性的。正如“精神益生菌之父”Cryan 和 Dinan 在今年 5 月初发表的一篇综述观点所言,精神益生菌代表了新型抗抑郁药物进化方向,但是同时也要注意,“虽然一些精神益生菌在治疗抑郁症方面显示出了疗效,但其他细菌也产生了阴性结果。需要更大规模、设计良好的研究”28。笔者认为,除了精神益生菌,还有其他一些功能性成分也对改善精神健康非常有帮助,并且有些是来自于传统草本医学领域,有着悠久的临床应用历史和真实世界案例,比如南非醉茄、缬草等。这些天然成分可以与益生菌进行科学复配来开发不同细分方向的丰富产品线。市场上已经有类似产品的存在,笔者相信在未来的市场上,会有更多精神益生菌和其他作用于肠脑轴的分子或功能性食物配方产品被开发出来,让“从肠计议”成为帮助人类对抗精神疾病和健康问题的重要有效手段。参考文献及资料:(滑动下方文字查看)1. World Mental Health Day (who.int)2. Mental health (who.int)3. 关注全生命周期,护航精神心理健康-中华预防医学会精神卫生分会2019年学术 会议在长春顺利召开-中华预防医学会 (cpma.org.cn)4. Schmidt C. Mental health: thinking from the gut. Nature. 2015 Feb 26;518(7540): S12-5.5. Sharon G, Sampson TR, Geschwind DH, Mazmanian SK. The Central Nervous System and the Gut Microbiome. Cell. 2016 Nov 3;167(4):915-932.6. Eisenstein M. Microbiome: Bacterial broadband. Nature. 2016 May 19;533(7603):S104-6.7. Bambury A, Sandhu K, Cryan JF, Dinan TG. Finding the needle in the haystack: systematic identification of psychobiotics. Br J Pharmacol. 2018 Dec;175(24):4430-4438.8. Misra S, Mohanty D. Psychobiotics: A new approach for treating mental illness? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2019;59(8):1230-1236.9. Vaghef-Mehrabany E, Maleki V, Behrooz M, Ranjbar F, Ebrahimi-Mameghani M. Can psychobiotics 'mood' ify gut? An update systematic review of randomized controlled trials in healthy and clinical subjects, on anti-depressant effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics. Clin Nutr. 2020 May;39(5):1395-1410.10. Liao JF, Cheng YF, You ST, Kuo WC, Huang CW, Chiou JJ, Hsu CC, Hsieh-Li HM, Wang S, Tsai YC. Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 alleviates neurodegenerative progression in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced mouse models of Parkinson's disease. Brain Behav Immun. 2020 Nov;90:26-46.11. Lu CS, Chang HC, Weng YH, Chen CC, Kuo YS, Tsai YC. The Add-On Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 in Patients With Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Study. Front Nutr. 2021 Jun 30;8:650053.12. Wu SI, Wu CC, Tsai PJ, Cheng LH, Hsu CC, Shan IK, Chan PY, Lin TW, Ko CJ, Chen WL, Tsai YC. Psychobiotic Supplementation of PS128TM Improves Stress, Anxiety, and Insomnia in Highly Stressed Information Technology Specialists: A Pilot Study. Front Nutr. 2021 Mar 26; 8:614105.13. Chen CM, Wu CC, Huang CL, Chang MY, Cheng SH, Lin CT, Tsai YC. Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 Promotes Intestinal Motility, Mucin Production, and Serotonin Signaling in Mice. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2021 Jul 29.14. Patterson E, Griffin SM, Ibarra A, Ellsiepen E, Hellhammer J. Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Lpc-37® improves psychological and physiological markers of stress and anxiety in healthy adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled and parallel clinical trial (the Sisu study). Neurobiol Stress. 2020 Nov 24; 13:100277.15. Ma T, Jin H, Kwok LY, Sun Z, Liong MT, Zhang H. Probiotic consumption relieved human stress and anxiety symptoms possibly via modulating the neuroactive potential of the gut microbiota. Neurobiol Stress. 2021 Jan 12; 14:100294.16. Yunes RA, Poluektova EU, Vasileva EV, Odorskaya MV, Marsova MV, Kovalev GI, Danilenko VN. A Multi-strain Potential Probiotic Formulation of GABA-Producing Lactobacillus plantarum 90sk and Bifidobacterium adolescentis 150 with Antidepressant Effects. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2020 Sep;12(3):973-979.17. Wang H, He S, Xin J, Zhang T, Sun N, Li L, Ni X, Zeng D, Ma H, Bai Y. Psychoactive Effects of Lactobacillus johnsonii Against Restraint Stress-Induced Memory Dysfunction in Mice Through Modulating Intestinal Inflammation and permeability-a Study Based on the Gut-Brain Axis Hypothesis. Front Pharmacol. 2021 May 26; 12:662148.18. Zhu G, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W, Wang G. Administration of Bifidobacterium breve Improves the Brain Function of Aβ1-42-Treated Mice via the Modulation of the Gut Microbiome. Nutrients. 2021 May 11;13(5):1602.19. Tian P, Bastiaanssen TFS, Song L, Jiang B, Zhang X, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W, Cryan JF, Wang G. Unraveling the Microbial Mechanisms Underlying the Psychobiotic Potential of a Bifidobacterium breve Strain. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2021 Apr;65(8):e2000704.20. Microbiome: The More You Know | WholeFoods Magazine21. 益福生医与M8 Pharmaceuticals达成独家合作协议 (mr-gut.cn)22. Lallemand zeros in on gut-brain axis (nutraingredients-usa.com)23. Modere Axis™ TreBiotic with Microbiome Matrix™ Advances New Frontier in Wellness (yahoo.com)24. 脑肠轴新药研发公司Kallyope融资 1.12 亿美元 (mr-gut.cn)25. Pinto-Sanchez MI, Hall GB, Ghajar K, Nardelli A, Bolino C, Lau JT, Martin FP, Cominetti O, Welsh C, Rieder A, Traynor J, Gregory C, De Palma G, Pigrau M, Ford AC, Macri J, Berger B, Bergonzelli G, Surette MG, Collins SM, Moayyedi P, Bercik P. Probiotic Bifidobacterium longum NCC3001 Reduces Depression Scores and Alters Brain Activity: A Pilot Study in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Gastroenterology. 2017 Aug;153(2):448-459.e8.26. Axial Biotherapeutics Announces Positive Topline Results from Phase 1b/2a Clinical Trial of AB-2004 for the Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder | Business Wire27. LNC Therapeutics Licenses Microbiome Therapeutic to Treat Mood Disorders (labiotech.eu)28. Dinan TG, Butler MI, Cryan JF. Psychobiotics: Evolution of Novel Antidepressants. Mod Trends Psychiatry. 2021; 32:134-143.作者|徐海蒂博士,雀巢健康科学消费者保健品业务部高级品牌经理,美国普渡大学食品科学系博士,主要研究方向为膳食纤维精细结构与发酵特性之间的关系及其在肠道健康的应用。在食品科学与营养健康领域拥有近十五年的科研和行业经验。审校|617编辑|三木