混栽种植是如何运作的8种方法
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混栽种植技术
什么是混栽种植：
混栽种植是指为了某种利益而将两种或两种以上的植物紧密地种植在一起的做法。如控制害虫、增加健康和活力、抗病性或提高产量。这些被称为“好的同伴”。
混栽种植也涉及到植物彼此有害，因此必须分开种植。这些被称为“坏的同伴”。
混栽种植是如何工作的？
混栽种植的几种方法：
害虫驱避性能——有些植物的根、叶或花会分泌化学物质，抑制或排斥害虫，保护邻近的植物。
固氮——豆科植物，如豌豆、豆类、三叶草、卢塞恩、塔加萨斯特（树卢塞恩）和金合欢（合欢树）都有根瘤，根瘤为根瘤菌创造了一个家，这些细菌可以从空气中吸收氮并“固定”成植物可以使用的形式。这是一种共生关系，因为植物和细菌都得益于这种合作。豆科植物所固定的氮对邻近的植物也有好处。
害虫诱饵（诱捕作物）——一种对害虫更具吸引力的植物可以作为诱饵在附近种植。这就产生了一种转移，把害虫从你试图保护的主要植物上引开。
伪装——许多害虫通过气味或植物的外形（形状）来识别食物来源。有害生物可以通过混栽种植植物来混淆，这些混栽植物释放出的气味掩盖了相邻植物的气味。混栽植物也可以插入到作物中，以掩盖它们的形状，使它们难以定位，从而使害虫完全失去它们。
堆叠——根据长期积累的原则，需要更多阳光的高生长植物可以为需要更多树荫的低矮生长的地下植物创造支持性的覆盖物，而这些植物反过来又可以为更精细的地面覆盖植物创造一个隐蔽的地面，从而使所有的植物都能获得最佳生长条件。最理想的净效应是在一个给定的空间内种植更多的植物，从而使每个区域的产量更高。
哺乳栽培——保育作物通常是一种乔木或灌木作物，其高度或浓密的树冠可保护更脆弱的植物在生长过程中免受霜冻、阳光或风的侵袭。
益虫栖息地——有益的昆虫包括像蜜蜂这样的传粉者，像瓢虫、乳翼、飞蝇、螳螂、蜘蛛和掠食螨等害虫的捕食者（最后两个是节肢动物，不是昆虫！）还有像黄蜂这样的害虫。有益的昆虫需要混栽植物，它们提供花蜜作为食物来源或者作为它们生活的栖息地。
举个简单的例子，在玉米地里，除了玉米什么都没有，你有一个理想的地方，可以吃玉米来生活和喂养，但没有什么能支持吃这些害虫的“好虫子”，这些有益的昆虫就无处可住了！
生物多样性——如果害虫或不利的天气条件削弱或消灭了某一特定种类或类型的植物，那么将多种植物混合在一起就形成了一个更有弹性的生态系统。这提供了一种安全形式，确保整个生态系统不会因为一种植物受到攻击或失败而崩溃。
想要更多的混栽种植信息
什么植物可以混栽或不能混栽
平台回复：混栽种植表
What is Companion Planting?
Companion planting is the practice of planting two or more types of plants close together for some kind of benefit, such as the control of pests, increased health and vigour, resistance to disease, or higher yields. These are termed “good companions”.
Companion planting is also concerned with plants are detrimental to each other and must therefore be grown apart. These are termed “bad companions”.
How Does Companion Planting Work?
There are several means by which companion planting works:
Pests Repellent Properties
Some plants exude chemicals from their roots, leaves or flowers that suppress or repel pests and protect neighbouring plants.
Nitrogen Fixing
Plants of the Legume family, such as peas, beans, clover, lucerne, tagasaste (tree lucerne) and acacias (wattle trees) have root nodules which create a home for Rhizobium bacteria, and these bacteria can take nitrogen from the air and “fix” it into a form that the plant can use. This is a symbiotic relationship, as both the plant and the bacteria are benefited by this teamwork. The nitrogen that is fixed by legumes also benefits neighbouring plants
Pest Decoys (Trap Cropping)
A plant that is more attractive to pests can be planted nearby as a decoy. This creates a diversion to draw pests away from the main plants you are trying to protect.
Camouflage
Many pests identify their food sources through scent or the physical outline (shape) of the plant. Pests can be confused by planting companion plants which release scents which masks that of their neighbouring plants. Companion plants can also be interplanted amongst the crop plant to mask their shape, making them harder to locate, so that pests miss them altogether.
Stacking
In the permaculture principle of stacking, taller growing plants that need more sun can create supportive cover for lower growing understorey plants that need more shade, and these in turn can create a sheltered ground level for more delicate ground cover plants, which results in all the plants receiving the conditions that they need to grow optimally. The net effect is that more plants are growing in a given space, resulting in higher yields per area.
Nurse Cropping
A nurse crop generally is a crop of trees or shrubs whose height or dense-canopy protects more vulnerable plants during their development from frost, sun or wind.
Habitat for Beneficial Insects
Beneficial insects include pollinators such as bees, predators of pests such as ladybirds, lacewings, hover flies, praying mantids, spiders and predatory mites (OK, the last two are arthropods, not insects!) and parasites of pest such as wasps. Beneficial insects need companion plants which provide nectar as a food source, or a habitat for them to live in. As a simple example, in a corn field, which contains nothing but corn, you have an ideal place for pests that eat corn to live and feed, but nothing to support the “good bugs” that eat these pests, there is nowhere for these beneficial insects to live!
Biodiversity
Having a mix and variety of plants together creates a more resilient ecosystem if pests or adverse weather conditions weaken or wipe out a particular variety, or type, of plant. This provides a form of security that ensures that the whole ecosystem does not collapse because one type of plant is attacked or fails.
For more companion planting information, what plants you should and shouldn’t grow together, please see the listing of all the good and bad companion plants in our Companion Planting Table
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