Ansible-下部

ansible-playbook

playbook是由一个或多个模块组成的,使用多个不同的模块,完成一件事情。

ansible软件特点

可以实现批量管理
可以实现批量部署
ad-hoc(批量执行命令)---针对临时性的操作
    ansible clsn -m command -a "hostname"   <- 批量执行命令举例
编写剧本-脚本(playbook)---针对重复性的操作

ansible核心功能

pyYAML-----用于ansible编写剧本所使用的语言格式(saltstack---python) 
rsync-ini语法  sersync-xml语法  ansible-pyYAML语法
paramiko---远程连接与数据传输  
Jinja2-----用于编写ansible的模板信息

剧本编写规则说明

YAML三板斧

缩进

YAML使用一个固定的缩进风格表示层级结构,每个缩进由两个空格组成, 不能使用tabs

冒号

以冒号结尾的除外,其他所有冒号后面所有必须有空格。

短横线

表示列表项,使用一个短横杠加一个空格。
多个项使用同样的缩进级别作为同一列表。

剧本书写格式

- hosts: 172.16.1.7       处理指定服务器         (空格)hosts:(空格)172.16.1.7task:                剧本所要干的事情;              (空格)(空格)task:- name:            (两个空格)-(空格)name:command: echo hello clsn linux   (四个空格)command:(空格)                   剧本格式示例[root@m01 ansible-playbook]# vim rsync.yaml- hosts: 172.16.1.41  tasks:    - name: Install Rsync      yum: name=rsync state=installed

剧本检查方法

ansible-playbook --syntax-check 01.yml         --- 进行剧本配置信息语法检查ansible-playbook -C 01.yml                     --- 模拟剧本执行(彩排)

语法检查

ansible-playbook --syntax-check[root@m01 ansible-playbook]# ansible-playbook --syntax-check 01.ymlplaybook: 01.yml

模拟剧本执行

ansible-playbook -C[root@m01 ansible-playbook]# ansible-playbook -C 01.ymlPLAY [all] ****************************************************************TASK [Gathering Facts] ****************************************************ok: [172.16.1.41]ok: [172.16.1.8]此处省略………..PLAY RECAP ****************************************************************172.16.1.31                : ok=2    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0172.16.1.41                : ok=2    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0172.16.1.8                 : ok=2    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0

剧本示例

剧本编写内容扩展:剧本任务编写多个任务

- hosts: all  tasks:    - name: restart-network      cron: name='restart network' minute=00 hour=00 job='/usr/sbin/ntpdate time.nist.gov >/dev/null 2>&1'    - name: sync time      cron: name='sync time' minute=*/5 job="/usr/sbin/ntpdate pool.ntp.com >/dev/null 2>&1"剧本编写内容扩展:剧本任务编写多个主机- hosts: 172.16.1.7  tasks:    - name: restart-network      cron: name='restart network' minute=00 hour=00 job='/usr/sbin/ntpdate time.nist.gov >/dev/null 2>&1'    - name: sync time      cron: name='sync time' minute=*/5 job="/usr/sbin/ntpdate pool.ntp.com >/dev/null 2>&1"- hosts: 172.16.1.31  tasks:    - name: show ip addr to file      shell: echo $(hostname -i) >> /tmp/ip.txt

剧本编写方式

多主机单任务编写方式
多主机多任务编写方式
不同主机多任务编写方式

Ansible项目案例

环境规划

全网备份
实时备份

角色 外网IP(NAT) 内网IP(LAN) 部署软件
m01 eth0:10.0.0.61 eth1:172.16.1.61 ansible
backup eth0:10.0.0.41 eth1:172.16.1.41 rsync
nfs eth0:10.0.0.31 eth1:172.16.1.31 nfs、Sersync
web01 eth0:10.0.0.7 eth1:172.16.1.7 httpd

目录规划

[root@m01 ~]# mkdir /etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/{file,conf,scripts} -p [root@m01 ~]# tree /etc/ansible/ansible_playbook//etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/├── conf└── file└── scripts

需提前准备好的文件

rsync配置文件

准备对应的配置文件存放至/etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/conf/

[root@m01 conf]# cat /etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/conf/rsyncd.conf uid = wwwgid = wwwport = 873fake super = yesuse chroot = nomax connections = 200timeout = 600ignore errorsread only = falselist = falseauth users = rsync_backupsecrets file = /etc/rsync.passwordlog file = /var/log/rsyncd.log#####################################[backup]path = /backup[data]path = /data

nfs配置文件

准备nfs配置文件exports

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# cat /etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/conf/nfs_exports /data/ 172.16.1.0/24(rw,sync,all_squash,anonuid=666,anongid=666)

Sersync软件包

下载Sersync软件包

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# ll /etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/file/-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 727290 Aug  1 12:04 sersync.tar.gz

sersync配置文件

准备sersync实时同步的配置文件

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# cat /etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/conf/confxml.xml.nfs <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><head version="2.5">    <host hostip="localhost" port="8008"></host>    <debug start="false"/>    <fileSystem xfs="true"/>    <filter start="false">    <exclude expression="(.*)\.svn"></exclude>    <exclude expression="(.*)\.gz"></exclude>    <exclude expression="^info/*"></exclude>    <exclude expression="^static/*"></exclude>    </filter>    <inotify>    <delete start="true"/>    <createFolder start="true"/>    <createFile start="true"/>    <closeWrite start="true"/>    <moveFrom start="true"/>    <moveTo start="true"/>    <attrib start="false"/>    <modify start="false"/>    </inotify>    <sersync>    <localpath watch="/data">        <remote ip="172.16.1.41" name="data"/>    </localpath>    <rsync>        <commonParams params="-az"/>        <auth start="true" users="rsync_backup" passwordfile="/etc/rsync.pass"/>        <userDefinedPort start="false" port="874"/><!-- port=874 -->        <timeout start="true" time="100"/><!-- timeout=100 -->        <ssh start="false"/>    </rsync>    <failLog path="/tmp/rsync_fail_log.sh" timeToExecute="60"/><!--default every 60mins execute once-->    <crontab start="false" schedule="600"><!--600mins-->        <crontabfilter start="false">        <exclude expression="*.php"></exclude>        <exclude expression="info/*"></exclude>        </crontabfilter>    </crontab>    <plugin start="false" name="command"/>    </sersync>    <plugin name="command">    <param prefix="/bin/sh" suffix="" ignoreError="true"/>  <!--prefix /opt/tongbu/mmm.sh suffix-->    <filter start="false">        <include expression="(.*)\.php"/>        <include expression="(.*)\.sh"/>    </filter>    </plugin>    <plugin name="socket">    <localpath watch="/opt/tongbu">        <deshost ip="192.168.138.20" port="8009"/>    </localpath>    </plugin>    <plugin name="refreshCDN">    <localpath watch="/data0/htdocs/cms.xoyo.com/site/">        <cdninfo domainname="ccms.chinacache.com" port="80" username="xxxx" passwd="xxxx"/>        <sendurl base="http://pic.xoyo.com/cms"/>        <regexurl regex="false" match="cms.xoyo.com/site([/a-zA-Z0-9]*).xoyo.com/images"/>    </localpath>    </plugin></head>

基础环境部署

基础环境:所有机器统一的配置
1.需要关闭firewalld以及selinux、epel仓库、ssh端口、优化基础配置
2.需要安装rsync和nfs-utils
3.准备www用户
4.需要准备/etc/rsync.pass密码文件
5.需要准备全网备份脚本
基础的playbook剧本

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# cat base.yaml - hosts: all  tasks:    - name: Install Epel Repos      get_url: url=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo dest=/etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo    - name: Install Rsync Nfs-Utils      yum: name=rsync,nfs-utils state=installed    - name: Create Group WWW      group: name=www gid=666    - name: Create User WWW      user: name=www uid=666 group=666 create_home=no shell=/sbin/nologin    - name: Create Rsync_Client_Pass      copy: content='1' dest=/etc/rsync.pass mode=600    - name: Create Scripts Directory      file: path=/server/scripts recurse=yes state=directory    - name: Push File Scripts      copy: src=./scripts/rsync_backup_md5.sh dest=/server/scripts/    - name: Crontable Scripts      cron: name="backup scripts" hour=01 minute=00 job="/bin/bash /server/scripts/rsync_backup_md5.sh &>/dev/null"

应用环境:Rsync

1.安装rsync
2.配置rsync(配置变更,一定要进行重载操作)
3.创建虚拟用户,权限调整
4.创建目录/data/  /backup
5.启动rsync
6.配置邮箱->邮箱的发件人->校验的脚本

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# cat rsync.yaml - hosts: backup  tasks:    - name: Installed Rsync Server      yum: name=rsync,mailx state=installed    - name: configure Rsync Server      copy: src=./conf/rsyncd.conf dest=/etc/rsyncd.conf      notify: Restart Rsync Server    - name: Create Virt User      copy: content='rsync_backup:1' dest=/etc/rsync.password mode=600    - name: Create Data       file: path=/data state=directory recurse=yes owner=www group=www mode=755    - name: Create Backup       file: path=/backup state=directory recurse=yes owner=www group=www mode=755    - name: Start RsyncServer      service: name=rsyncd state=started enabled=yes    - name: Push Check Scripts      copy: src=./scripts/rsync_check_backup.sh dest=/server/scripts/    - name: Crond Check Scripts      cron: name="check scripts" hour=05 minute=00 job="/bin/bash /server/scripts/rsync_check_backup.sh &>/dev/null"

应用环境:NFS

1.安装nfs-utils
2.配置nfs     (当修改了配置,触发重载操作)
3.创建目录,授权
4.启动

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# cat nfs.yaml - hosts: nfs  tasks:    - name: Installed Nfs Server      yum: name=nfs-utils state=installed    - name: Configure Nfs Server      copy: src=./conf/exports dest=/etc/exports      notify: Restart Nfs Server    - name: Create Share Data      file: path=/data state=directory recurse=yes owner=www group=www mode=755    - name: Start Nfs Server      service: name=nfs-server state=started enabled=yes  handlers:    - name: Restart Nfs Server      service: name=nfs-server state=restarted

应用环境:Sersync

1.下载sersync
2.解压,改名,配置
3.启动

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# cat sersync.yaml - hosts: nfs  tasks:    - name: Scp Sersync      copy: src=./file/sersync2.5.4_64bit_binary_stable_final.tar.gz dest=/usr/local/sersync.tar.gz    - name: Zip      shell: cd /usr/local && tar xf sersync.tar.gz && mv GNU-Linux-x86 sersync      args:        creates: /usr/local/sersync        - name: configure Sersync      copy: src=./conf/confxml.xml dest=/usr/local/sersync/    - name: Start Sersync      shell: /usr/local/sersync/sersync2 -dro /usr/local/sersync/confxml.xml

应用环境:WEB

挂载nfs共享的目录

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# cat web.yaml - hosts: web  tasks:    - name: Mount NFS Server Share Data      mount: src=172.16.1.31:/data path=/data fstype=nfs opts=defaults state=mounted

包含include

[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# cat mail.yaml - import_playbook: base.yaml- import_playbook: rsync.yaml- import_playbook: nfs.yaml- import_playbook: sersync.yaml- import_playbook: web.yaml
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