PLANT COMMUNICATIONS|推进细胞器基因组转化和作物改良编辑
植物细胞包含三个带有DNA的细胞器，包括细胞核，质体和线粒体。
质体转化已经成为产生转基因植物（也称为转质体植物）的有吸引力的平台。 对质体基因组进行了基因工程改造，以提高产量，营养质量，对非生物和生物胁迫的抵抗力以及重组蛋白质的产生，从而促进作物改良。
尽管有许多有希望的概念验证应用，但迄今为止，转质体植物尚未商业化。 序列特异性核酸酶技术已广泛用于精确修饰核基因组，而这些工具尚未用于编辑细胞器基因组，因为质体中存在的有效同源重组系统可促进质体基因组的编辑。 与质体转化不同，迄今尚未建立高等植物线粒体基因组的成功遗传转化。 但是，在修饰线粒体基因及其转录本方面已取得了逐步进展，从而可以研究其功能。
本综述，我们概述了与作物改良相关的细胞器转化和基因组编辑方面的进展，并讨论了这些技术的瓶颈和未来的发展。
Plant cells contain three organelles harboring DNA, including nucleus, plastids and mitochondria. Plastid transformation has emerged as an attractive platform to generate transgenic plants, also referred to as transplastomic plants. Plastid genome has been genetically engineered to advance crop improvement in terms of improved yield, nutritional quality, resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses, as well as recombinant proteins production. Despite many promising proof-of-concept applications, transplastomic plants have not been commercialized so far. Sequence-specific nucleases technologies are widely used to precisely modify the nuclear genome, whereas these tools have not been applied to edit organelle genome, since the efficient homologous recombination system present in plastid facilitates plastid genome editing. Unlike plastid transformation, successful genetic transformation of mitochondrial genome of higher plant has not been established to date. However, stepwise progress has been made in modifying mitochondrial genes and their transcripts, thus allowing for studying their functions. Here, we provide an overview of the advances in organelle transformation and genome editing in relation to crop improvement, and discuss the bottleneck and future development of these technologies.
Please cite this article as: Li, S., Chang, L., Zhang, J., Advancing organelle genome transformation
and editing for crop improvement, PLANT COMMUNICATIONS (2021), doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/
j.xplc.2021.100141.
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