英语时态之过去完成进行时

过去完成进行时（past perfect progressive/continuous）是英语十六种时态之一，属于过去时的范畴，顾名思义动作或状态是存在于过去的某个时间。

一、定义：

表示相对过去的某个时刻来说已经对现在有直接影响并且还在进行的动作。

二、结构：

1. 肯定句：主语 + had been doing + 其他

We had been studying.我们一直在学习。

They had been cooking.他们一直在做饭。

We had been walking on the path when a deer crossed in front of us.我们正走在小路上，这时一只鹿从我们面前走过。

2. 否定句：主语 + hadn't been doing + 其他

We had not been listening.我们没有在听。

It had not been snowing.没有下雪。

Sarah hadn’t been attending class very often when the accident happened.事故发生时萨拉不常上课。

3. 一般疑问句：Had + 主语 + been doing + 其他？

Had we been drinking?我们一直在喝酒吗？

Had they been eating?他们一直在吃东西吗？

Had she been speaking for a while when they showed up?他们出现时，她已经讲了一段时间了吗？

4. 特殊疑问句：What + had + 主语 + been doing + 其他？

How long had you been waiting to get on the bus? 为了坐公共汽车，你等了多长时间？

Where had you been working?你在哪里工作？

5. 被动语态（少见）：主语 + had been being done + 其他

Chef Jason had been preparing the restaurant's fantastic dinners for two years before he moved to Paris.杰森大厨在搬到巴黎之前已经为餐厅准备了两年的美味佳肴。

三、用法：

1.与 because 从句连用，表示因果关系，例如：

Betty failed the final test because she had not been attending class.贝蒂期末考试不及格，因为她没有上课。

Terry was bored because he had been typing for 4 hours.特里很无聊，因为他已经打字4个小时了。

2. 常用于间接引语中，例如：

The doctor asked what he had been eating.医生问他吃了什么。

I asked where they had been staying all those days.我问他们那些天是呆在哪儿的。

3. 与 when 从句连用，表示在什么时候一直在做某事，例如：

You had only been waiting there for a few minutes when she arrived.她来的时候你只在那里等了几分钟。

She'd only been reviewing her lessons for a short while when her little sister interrupted her.她温习功课才一会儿，她妹妹就打断她了。

4. 与 before 引导的时间状语从句连用，表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作，例如：

She had been talking for over half an hour before I arrived.在我到达之前，她已经讲了半个多小时了。

James had been teaching at the university for more than a year before he left for Asia.詹姆斯在去亚洲之前已经在这所大学教书一年多了。

I had not been studying English for very long before I moved to America.在我搬到美国之前，我学英语的时间不长。

四、副词的位置

Always，only，never，ever，still 或 just 等副词置于助动词 had 之后，在疑问句中置于主语后面，例如：

He had only been practicing for months when he finally got the call for the audition.他只练习了几个月就终于接到了海选的电话。

Had he only been practicing for months when he finally got the call for the audition?当他终于接到试镜的电话时，他只是练习了几个月吗？

五、不用过去完成进行时的情况

通用的规则是，非持续性动词（non-continuous verbs）不用进行时，包括过去完成进行时，例如：

这辆摩托车在蒂娜买下之前已经属于乔治好几年了。The motorcycle had belonged to George for years before Tina bought it.The motorcycle had been belonging to George for years before Tina bought it.

需要注意的是，有些动词如 think，它有的时候可以是非连续性动词，此时意为“认为，以为”等，有的时候也可以是连续性动词，此时意为“思考，考虑，想”等，因此在使用进行时，要严格区分所使用单词的意思，避免张冠李戴。