中考英语介词专题
2021中考英语介词专题复习
(超全面知识点讲解+常用介词用法归类+专项训练含答案）
一、知识框架
二、知识点讲解
Ⅰ. 介词分类
一、表时间的介词
about大约..., after在…以后, at在… (时刻), before在…以前,
by到…为止, during在…期间, for有…(之久), from从…(时)起,
in在(上/下午); 在(多久)以后, on在(某日), past过了…(时),
since自从…(至今), through 贯穿…(期间), till直到…时,
until直到…时, to到(下一时刻), ever since从那时起至今,
at the beginning of在...开始时, at the end of在...末 ,
in the middle of在...当中, at the time of在...时
二、表地点的介词
over（正上方） 、 above（上方的一片） 、 on（接触的平面）
under（正下方） 、 below（下方的一片）
at + 小地方 (场所如学校、医院、剧场等)
in + 大地方 （州、区域、国家、城镇、）
on +门牌，某层楼
across在…对面（go across从平面穿过 / go through从立体的）
through与across、over的用法区别：
through指“穿过…(门洞/人群/树林)”； across和over可以指“跨越…(街道/河流)”,可互换,但是表示“翻过…”时只能用over.
如：Just then a rat ran across the road.
There is a bridge across/over the river.
They climbed over the mountain and arrived there ahead of time.
The visitors went through a big gate into another park.
among在…中间 （三者以上之间）
between在...之间（两者之间，两两相互之间）、
in front of在...前（外部） in the front of在...前（内部）
如：A car was parking in front of the hall
In the front of the hall stood a big desk.
close to靠近...,
三、表方位的介词
across横越..., against对抗..., along沿着..., around绕着...,
at朝着..., behind向…后面, between… and…从…到...,
by路过/通过.. down向…下, for向..., from从/离...,
in进入..., into进入..., inside到...里面, near接近...,
off脱离/除..., on在...上, out of向...外, outside向....外,
over跨过..., past经过/超过..., through穿过..., to向/朝...,
towards朝着...,on to到...上面, onto到...上面, away from远离...
四、表方式、手段的介词
as作为/当作...
by用/由/乘坐/被...
in用…(语言),
like与…一样,
on骑(车)/徒(步),通过(收音机/电视机),
through通过...,
with用(材料/工具)、用(手/脚/耳/眼)；
without没有…
Ⅱ.常用介词用法归纳
一、介词: except、besides、except for
except除掉… ，不包括….,表示排除掉某人物,即不包含
besides除了…还有 ,表示包含,即“不仅……又……”
except for 美中不足
Everyone went to the Palace Museumexcept Tom.)(Tom没有去故宫)
Besides Chinese he also studied many other subjects.(“汉语”也是他学的功课之一)
批注：谐音记忆法：“包含”和“besides”首字母都有b，有b的（besides）是包含，没b的（except，except for）是不包含。
介词for
1.为了 I do it for you .
2. 一段时间 I haven’t seen you for a long time
3. 对于 It’s difficult for him to finish the task.
4. 因为 I am sorry for his misfortune.
介词to
给 I give the present to you .
2. 对…而言 The present is important to me
介词with
1. 由于… with pleasure
2. 带有 the girl with long hair
3. 用 I can write with a pen
4.和….一起 We will go with you
5. without 无，没有
介词in
在…(方面) do well in
在….时候 in the evening
3. 在….地方 in Beijing
介词on
关于/有关.. a book on history
在….时候 on Friday
在….上 on the desk
介词as
1. 与…一样 You have the same interest as me.
2. as作为/当作... He works as a writer.
介词from
来自 come from
从….到(to)… tell A from B from door to door
stop/prevent/ protect sb. from doing sth.
九、介词有时会与它的宾语分离,而且宾语前置
1. 当宾语是疑问词时。Who are you talking about?
2. 宾语在从句中当连接词时。
He has a younger brother who he must take good care of.
Do you know who our teacher is talking with over there?
动词不定式作定语且该动词为不及物动词,后面有介词。
I finally found a chair to sit on.
十、记住一些固定词组：
arrive at/in(到达…), on foot(步行), not…at all(根本不),
to the north of(在…以北), in the east of(在…的东部), in the night(在夜间),
at night(在晚上), be afraid of(害怕…), be full of(充满/ 装满….),
be filled with(充满/ 装满….), be good/bad for(对…有益/有害), be made of(由…做成),
be made from(由…制造), play with(玩耍……), look out of(朝…外面看),
at the end of(在…末梢/结束时), by the end of(不迟于…/到…末为止),
with the help of(在…的帮助下), with one’s help(在…的帮助下),
look after(照料…), look for(寻找…),
on a bike(=by bike)骑车, help sb. with(帮某人做…),
get on (well) with(与某人相处[融洽]),等等。
Ⅲ.常用介词用法区别
1、by、in与with表示方式的用法区别
都可以表示“工具、手段”,但是by主要表示“乘坐”某个交通工具或“以……方式”,在被动句中可以表示动作的执行者；in表示“使用”某种语言/文字,with表示“使用”某个具体的工具、手段。
如：We see with our eyes and walk with our feet.
Please write that article(文章)in English.
Let’s go to the zoo by taxi.
It was written by Lao She.
2、as与like的区别
两个词都表示“像……”,但是as译为“作为……”,表示的是职业、职务、作用等事实,而like译为“像……一样”,表示外表,不是事实。
Let me speak to you as a father. (说话者是听者的父亲)
Let me speak to you like a father. (说话者不是听者的父亲)
3、at the end of、by the end of、to the end、in the end的用法区别：
at the end of…既可以表示时间也可以表示地点,译为“在…末；在…尽头”,常与过去时连用；
by the end of…只能表示时间,译为“在…前；到…为止”,常用于过去完成时；
in the end与at last基本等义,表示“终于、最后”,通常用于过去时；
to the end译为“到…的终点为止”,前面往往有表示运动或连续性的动词。
By the end of last term we had learned 16 units of Book III.
At the end of the road you can find a big white house with brown windows.
They left for Beijing at the end of last week.
In the end he succeeded in the final exams.
We should go on with the work to the end.
Follow this road to the end and you will see a post office.
4、but的问题：
用介词but引出另一个动词时,要注意：如果前面有do,后面就用原形动词,前面没有do时,后面的动词要加to。
如：I could do nothing but wait.
They had no choice(选择) but to fight.
Ⅳ.介词短语的句法作用
一、介词短语相当于一个形容词或副词,可用作状语、定语和表语。
如：The man came <down the stairs>.(状)
The woman <with a flower on her head> is from the countryside.(定)
The teacher is now with the pupils.(表)(老师现在和学生在一起)
二、介词短语在句子中的位置：
介词短语做状语时,如果表示时间/地点,可以放在句首或句尾,如果表示方向/方式/伴随/涉及/原因/目的/比较,一般放在句尾； 介词短语作表语时放在连系动词之后；介词短语作定语时,只能放在被修饰的名词之后。
如：He wanted to find a good jobin Shanghai the next year.(状语)
They searched the roomfor the thief.
The letters arefor you.(表语)
Have you seen a cat with a black head and four white legs?(定语)
【课堂小练】
Ⅰ. Choose the best answer (选择)
1.Don’t stay inside such a sunny morning. Let’s go for a walk.
on B) in C)from D) at
2. The students put a short play in English on Christmas Day.
off B) up C) on D) away
3.People in the western country often sing Christmas chorals______Christmas Eve.
A) in B)at C)on D) during
4. Most teachers think uniforms can prevent the students showing off their wealth.
A) off B) in C) by D) .from
5. In comic strips, there are usually bubbles ______ speech and thoughts in the pictures.
A)of B)at C) with D)for
8. The 2016 G20 Summit started ______ September, 2016 in the city of Hangzhou.
A)from B)on C) in D) at
9.Although their class teacher is very strict _____ them, they still love her very much.
A) up B)with C) to D)for
10. ______ the evening of March 30th, Adair was killed by someone unknown.
On B)At C)In D)For
She manged to escape ______ to the burning car last Friday.
of B)from C)around D)to
12. Stephen learned skating _____several months when he lived in German.
A) on B) in C) at D) for
13. The parents haven’t heard _____their kid in Europe for a long time.
A) at B) to C) with D) from
14.In China everyone would go home for a family reunion _______New Year’s Eve.
A)at B)on C)to D)in
15.Jackie Chen, who was awarded an Oscar, told the reporter that he was proud ______ his country.
A)of B)with C)for D)out
16. Jenny will do a survey and write a report _____ school uniforms.
A)in B) of C) at D) on
17. The police searched everywhere in the forest_____ the missing tourist last night.
A) for B) with C) of D) from
18.Go straight down the street and you’ll see the post office on your right,______ the kindergarten.
A)opposite B)between C)among D)across
19.The manager is much better than other employees_______ dealing with the customers’ complaints.
A)in B)at C)on D)of
20. A new survey shows that most travelers are not satisfied _________________ airport wifi.
A)of B)for C) about D) with
21. Henry Ford founded his car company ___________________ the beginning of the 20th century.
A) in B) by C) for D) at
22. Donald Trump won the election and he will take office______ Jan. 20, 2017.
A) in B) on C) at D) for
专项训练
专项训练1
Choose the best answer (选择)
1. All passengers must arrive ______ the airport two hours before the departure time.
A. at B. in C. to D. for
2. The earth and the other planets move ______ the sun.
A. near B. after C. about D. around
3. There is a fire-hose reel ______ the black staircase.
A. on B. at C. in D. for
4. They had an important discussion ______ the conference.
A. at B. on C. for D. with
5. I’ve just heard ______ his illness.
A. / B. from C. about D. with
6. The car hit the man and dragged him ______ the road.
A. in B. on C. along D. around
7. There were twenty people _____ the party, including two foreigners.
A. at B. in C. on D. about
8. The driver made a complaint _______ the traffic jam.
A. of B. for C. with D. about
9. On arriving at the village, soldiers _______ once joined them ______ their work.
A. in...with B. at...in C. at... for D. to...at
10. A strong earthquake hit Pakistan in the middle of the morning _____ Saturday October 8, 2005 ______ 8:50a.m. It is the strongest one to hit the country in over a century.
A. in, at B. on, at C. at, in D. at, on
专项训练2
Choose the best answer (选择)
1. Alice is good ______ playing the piano.
A. in B. at C. to D. for
2. ______ my opinion, he is wrong.
A. In B. At C. On D. From
3. Your photos will be ready ______ an hour.
A. for B. after C. until D. inside
4. Stay ______ hearing distance of the house.
A. during B. inside C. within D. outside
5. Leave your muddy shoes ______ the door.
A. in B. at C. inside D. outside
6. She left her baby ______ her sister’s care.
A. in B. of C. at D. with
7. Birds make their nests _______ trees.
A. at B. on C. in D. over
8. He has ______ last succeeded ______ becoming a doctor.
A. at...in B. for...in C. in...of D. at...on
9. We sat _______ complete darkness, waiting ______ the lights to come back on.
A. at, in B. in, for C. in, / D. with, for
10. Many of the citizens of Paris leave the town _____ the seaside ______ the summer.
A. to...in B. for...at C. to...during D. for...during
专项训练3
Choose the best answer (选择)
1. There is a sheep _______ the tree.
A. on B. to C. under D. below
2. There was a concert in the huge hall _____ Christmas Day.
A. on B. in C. at D. for
3. There are ______ 12 million people in Beijing.
A. than B. over C. above D. below
4. Though I had spent much time _______ maths, still I got a “C” in the last test.
A. for B. in C. on D. with
5. The manager hasn’t decided _______ the date for the next meeting.
A. on B. at C. in D. for
6. It’s freezing. The temperature is _____ zero.
A. above B. below C. over D. under
7. Some people _______ meat and milk.
A. live on B. turn on C. put on D. go on
8. The students are always busy ______ their homework _______ weekends.
A. over, at B. at, on C. with, in D. with, on
9. Every article ______ exhibition will be _____ sale.
A. on, on B. in at C. of, for D. about, on
10. There is a bell ______ the corridor _____ the second floor.
A. in, at B. in, on C. on, at D. for, on
专项训练4
Choose the best answer (选择)
1. It is half _____ hour.
A. to B. by C. past D. at
2. Most of the students in our class come to school _____ bicycle.
A. by B. on C. with D. in
3. The train had arrived ______ 7:40 a.m.
A. at B. by C. until D. after
4. If you travel ______ the border of China, you will come to Mongolia and Russia.
A. in B. over C. from D. beyond
5. Mr Smith parked the car _____ the bank.
A. to B. past C. next D. opposite
6. They are sitting _____ each other.
A. past B. opposite C. around D. beyond
7. His bad behavior is _______ a joke.
A. by B. about C. beyond D. from
8. They walked _______ the memorial in silence.
A. past B. at C. on D. beyond
9. _______ the past, people often traveled to other places ______ sea.
A. In...by B. At...by C. In...on D. On...at
10. I listened to him playing a piece _____ Chopin _____ the piano.
A. of...on B. by...on C. for...by D. about...with
专项训练5
Choose the best answer (选择)
Our school isour block.
A.next B. next to C. close D. closes to
2. My aunt lives the airport .
A. near B .next C. besides D. in front of
3.He was second ,only two meters the winner .
A. next to B. behind C. near D. beside
4.We are planning to camp the lake this summer.
A. by B. in C. on D. next
5. My grandpa is going to stay in Los Angeles a month.
A. for B. at C. on D. during
6. The girl hid the curtain .
A. in front of B. before C. behind D. in
7.She stood the window .
A. to B. beside C. besides D. through
8. There is a fountainthe building .
A. between B. in the front of C. in front of D. beside to
9. We have agreedthe rules which will govern the competition .
A. by B. from C. with D. on
10. The teacher stood the classroom.
A. in front B. in front of C. in the front D. in the front of
参考答案：
【课堂小练】
1-5 ACCDD 6-10 BCCC A 11-15 BDDBA 16-20 DAABD 21-22 DB
专项训练
专项训练1：1-5 ADBAC 6-10 CADBB
专项训练2：1-5 BADCD 6-10 ACABD
专项训练3：1-5 CABCA 6-10 BADAB
专项训练4：1-5 CABDD 6-10 BCAAB
专项训练5：1-5 BABAA 6-10 CBCDD
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