名词辩证:营养支持疗法
蒋朱明、钟紫红、高雪山整理
中国医学科学院北京协和医院
《中华临床营养杂志》编辑部
国内、国外长时间沿用的“营养支持”是当前常用的名词。近几年部分文献、口头报告、专业团体或组织机构名称中出现“营养支持治疗”一词,根据2016年全国科学技术名词审定委员会批准预公布的《肠外与肠内营养学名词》应为“营养支持疗法”【1】。笔者对此的理解,和同道们一起探讨。
1 美国肠外肠内营养学会(ASPEN)和重症医学会(SCCM)在部分指南中出现“nutrition support therapy”一词【2-6】,而当前在多种指南和文献中多数使用“nutritional support”,说明2个专业词汇是共存的。2011年,《中华临床营养杂志》(CJCN)在京部分编委研讨了如何让中文名词有合适的表达,共识为:营养支持疗法【7】。
2 营养支持疗法(nutrition support therapy),包括3个部分【7,8】:补充(supplement)、支持(support)、治疗(treatment)。因此,并非所有的营养(支持)疗法(therapy)都是营养治疗(treatment),若片面强调“治疗”、一概使用“治疗”,将导致“补充”和“支持”的临床常用的应用部分缺失,如口服营养补充(oral nutrition supplement,ONS)就属于“补充”。
3 营养支持(nutritional support)这一国际上应用40年左右、国内应用30年左右的专业名词,目前仍然在国外、国内使用。
4 营养支持(nutritional support)与营养疗法(nutrition therapy)均被美国国家医学图书馆(NLM)公布的《医学主题词》(Medical Subject Headings,MeSH)【9】和中国的万方医学网MeSH检索系统【10】收录,为标准的PubMed和万方医学检索系统医学主题词。
5 欢迎全国各地的专家提出宝贵意见。
参考文献
全国科学技术名词审定委员会. 肠外与肠内营养学名词预公布. http://www.cnctst.cn/xwdt/tzgg/201605/t20160520_335857.html
McClave SA, Martindale RG, Vanek VW, et al; A.S.P.E.N. Board of Directors; American College of Critical Care Medicine; Society of Critical Care Medicine. Guidelines for the Provision and Assessment of Nutrition Support Therapy in the Adult Critically Ill Patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.). JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2009;33(3):277-316.
Martindale RG, McClave SA, Vanek VW, et al; American College of Critical Care Medicine; A.S.P.E.N. Board of Directors. Guidelines for the provision and assessment of nutrition support therapy in the adult critically ill patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition: Executive Summary. Crit Care Med. 2009;37(5):1757-1761.
August DA, Huhmann MB; American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.) Board of Directors. A.S.P.E.N. clinical guidelines: nutrition support therapy during adult anticancer treatment and in hematopoietic cell transplantation. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2009;33(5):472-500.
McClave SA, Taylor BE, Martindale RG, et al; Society of Critical Care Medicine; American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. Guidelines for the Provision and Assessment of Nutrition Support Therapy in the Adult Critically Ill Patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.). JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2016;40(2):159-211.
Taylor BE, McClave SA, Martindale RG, et al; Society of Critical Care Medicine; American Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. Guidelines for the Provision and Assessment of Nutrition Support Therapy in the Adult Critically Ill Patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.). Crit Care Med. 2016;44(2):390-438.
蒋朱明,钟紫红,高雪山. 问题与讨论. 中华临床营养杂志. 2011;19(3):187.
王艳,蒋朱明,于康. 临床营养的经济学研究进展. 临床药物治疗杂志. 2009;7(6):42-46.
U.S. National Library of Medicine. MeSH (Medical Subject Headings). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh
万方医学网. 医学主题词. http://med.wanfangdata.com.cn/Mesh/Mesh