杏林荟萃之医学英语13—血液系统

1. word elements

Root	Meaning	Example
-emia,-hemia	Condition of blood	pachyemia
-penia	Decrease   in,deficiency of	leukopenia
poiesis	Formation,production	hemopoiesis
ferr/o, ferr/i	iron (symbol Fe)	ferric
sider/o	iron	sideroblast
Thromb/o	Blood   clot	thrombolytic
Thrombocyte/o	Platelet,thrombocyte	thrombocytopenia

2. reading

         Leukemia is a neoplasm of white blood cells. The rapidly dividing but incompetent white cells accumulate in the tissues and crowd out the other blood cells. The symptoms of leukemia include anemia, fatigue, easy bleeding, splenomegaly, and sometimes hepatomegaly (enlargement of the liver). Myelogenous leukemia originates in the bone marrow and involves mainly the granular leukocytes. Lymphocytic leukemia affects B cells and the lymphatic system, causing lymphadenopathy and adverse effects on the immune system. Leukemias are further differentiated as acute or chronic based on clinical progress. The acute forms of leukemia are acute lymphoblastic (lymphocytic) leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloblastic (myelogenous) leukemia (AML). Acute leukemia is the most common form of cancer in young children. With treatment, remission rate is high for ALL, but the prognosis in AML is poor for both children and adults. Chronic granulocytic leukemia, also called chronic myelogenous leukemia, affects young to middle-aged adults. Most cases show the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph), an inherited anomaly in which part of chromosome 22 shifts to chromosome 9. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) appears mostly in the elderly and is the most slowly growing form of the disease.

The causes of leukemia are unknown but may include exposure to radiation or harmful chemicals, hereditary factors, and perhaps virus infection.

Treatment of leukemia includes chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and bone marrow transplantation. One advance in transplantation is the use of umbilical cord blood to replace blood-forming cells in bone marrow. This blood is more readily available than bone marrow and does not have to match as closely to avoid rejection.

3. words

leukemia 白血病

splenomegaly 脾大

myelogenous leukemia 髓系白血病

granular leukocyte 粒细胞

lymphocytic leukemia 淋系白血病

lymphadenopathy 淋巴结病

remission 复发

Philadelphia chromosome 费城染色体

chemotherapy 化疗

radiation therapy 放疗

bone marrow transplantation 骨髓移植

umbilical cord blood 脐带血

rejection 排斥反应