[语法] 高中竟考这么难的语法点,我也第一次见!
有读者问我一个问题,来自于高考英语完形填空:
请注意划线句子:
To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight when he could have stolen money and paid for a place to stay in.
这位读者对该句子一开始的 to think…表示差异,询问我这是个什么语法点?
说实话我看到这个句子一开始也感到有些懵圈,如果你把 he is…stay in 视为 think 的宾语从句,那么句子的主语呢?谓语动词呢?
其实关键点还是在于最开始的 to think,这是个什么鬼,带着一连串疑问,我查了一下词典,终于在“朗文词典”(Longman)上查到了:
原来 “to think (that)…!”是一个句型,that可以省略,意思是“use to show that you are very surprised about something,用来表示对于某事物感到非常惊讶,可以翻译为“我表示惊讶,…竟然…!”。
标准写法最后还有一个叹号,但北京高考题里没有出现叹号,这是不规范的,因为“ To think(that)…!”才是完整形式,最后的叹号才能引导读者往“惊讶”这个意思上思考。
来看看词典上的例句:
To think we lived next door to him and never knew what he was doing!
我表示惊讶,我们住在他隔壁,竟不知道他是做什么的!
我们再回到一开始的句子:
To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight when he could have stolen money and paid for a place to stay in.
句子的另一个难点是后半部分:when he could have stolen money and paid for a place to stay in,首先这是个 when 引导的时间状语从句,其次 could have done 的句型是典型的虚拟语气,表示“本可以(但却没有)”,翻译一下:他本可以偷些钱找个地方入住。
整句话的意思是:
我表示惊讶,他他本可以偷些钱找个地方入住,但他却睡在大街上!
这下懂了吗?
再给大家造个句,体会一下“To think that…!”的用法:
To think that the prisoner used to be a billionaire.
我表示惊讶:这个囚犯竟然曾是亿万富豪。
To think that he would end up in prison.
我表示惊讶,他竟沦为阶下囚。