语法填空必杀五：并列连词及从句连词解题技巧
语法填空连词（并列或从句）解题技巧汇总
一、判断方式：
1. 空格处无提示词
2. 可能填写四大类，连词，介词，冠词（助记：廉洁官），也可能是it/Do的不同形式。其中，介词，冠词，连词每年都出现，it/Do的不同形式，分别考察过一次，it在17年全国卷2第67题中考察过， Did在14年全国卷2第68题中考察过。
3. （1）空格前后是并列的结构（单词，词组或句子并列），考虑并列连词，and，but，or
（2）空格前后是两个句子，考虑从句连接词
（3）不是以上两种情况，空格后是冠词（或其他限定词）+名词或者复数名词或者doing，考虑介词；例如：as a method（2017年全国卷1）；a pack of dogs（2019年全国卷3）；modern methods of tracking polar bear populations（2019年全国卷1）
（4）空格后是名词（单数或者不可数名词），考虑冠词或者介词，究竟是哪一类，需要翻译句子
注意：介词，冠词没什么可说的，更多的是固定搭配或者语感，不再单独写文章。
二、基本能力
1. 并列连词
and：（1）前后均为平行成分：两个主谓完整的句子、同词性单词或词组、非谓语或者同类从句；（2）顺承或递进关系：Come early and you will see him. 早点来你就能见到他。
but：前后是转折关系
or：四大含义：（1）疑问句或肯定句，翻译为或者；（2）否定句翻译为：也没有（=and not）；（3）祈使句，翻译为，否则。例如：Hurry up，or we will be late. 快点，否则我们会迟到。（4）词组：or even 甚至
初级固定搭配：
①并列关系： both...and...两者都， not only...but (also)．..不但……而且……，neither...nor...既不……也不……
②选择关系： either...or...或者……或者……，not...but...不是……而是……
中级固定句型：
①祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句
②when作并列连词的常用句型：
be about to do...when...，be on the point of doing...when...，be doing...when...，had (just) done...when...刚要。。。，正在这时。。。
2. 从句连词
有能力找到主句和从句，主句的谓语动词，从句的谓语动词
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主句 |
从句 |
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定语从句（语法填空中考察最多，几乎每年一道题，必须牢牢掌握） |
主句完整 |
完整：when（表示时间） where（表示地点） why（表示原因） |
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不完整：缺人，用who，that 缺物，用which，that 介词后，缺人，用whom，缺物，用which whose：。。。的 as在固定搭配中 |
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名词性从句（同位语从句） |
主句完整 |
考察很少，注意区分同位从和定从，这是个难点；程度弱的同学，直接记忆，抽象名词后可能是同位语从句，用that；常见的抽象名词为： idea, fact, news, hope, belief，suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise, order, evidence等 |
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名词性从句（主宾表从句） |
主句不完整 |
完整：that，不翻译；whether/if：是否；how：怎么；when：什么时候；where：哪里；why：为什么； |
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不完整：缺人，who/whom；缺物，what；which：哪一个（考察很少）I don't know which book you like, this one or that one? 我不知道你喜欢哪本书，这本书还是那本书？ |
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注意：① 各种ever，表示加强语气。 ② what 是高频考点。除了在从句中充当主宾表成分以外，还充当定语。如：It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about，although about two thousand patients have taken it.。 |
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状语从句 |
主句完整 |
①时间状语从句：when/while/as/the moment/whenever/until/till/before/after/as soon as/immediately/once/since ②地点状语从句：where/wherever ③原因状语从句：as/because/since/now that ④条件状语从句：if/unless/as long as/in case ⑤目的状语从句：so that/in order that ⑥结果状语从句：so that/so...that.../such...that... ⑦让步状语从句：though/although/as/while/even if/even though/whether...or.../ whatever/whoever/ however/ whenever/ no matter＋疑问词 还有比较状语从句，方式状语从句，考察较少 时条原让考察较多 |
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as表示“尽管”，引导让步状语从句时，需要把表语前置到句首。作表语的名词前置时，有冠词的要去掉冠词。 如：Difficult as it may be＝Although/Though it may be difficult Silent student as he is ＝Although/Though he is a silent student |
定语从句小技巧：
（1）初级基础知识
先行词后面出现逗号，是非限制性定语从句，先行词往往是代替整句话。
①表示“这一点，这件事”，用which 引导，绝对不能用that。
②as 引导非限制性定语从句，表示“正如”，常见结构有：
as is wellknown 众所周知
as is often the case 情况常常如此
as is reported正如报道的那样
（2）中级基础知识
①There was a time when...曾经有一段……的时光
②Days are gone when...……的时光一去不复返
③The reason why...is that...……的原因是……
注意：stage/point/case/situation/scene/degree 等抽象意义的地点名词作先行词时，若从句成分完整，则关系词用where；若从句缺少主宾成分，则关系词用that/which。
（3）高级基础知识
只用that不能用which的情况：
①不定代词 anything, nothing, everything,all,much,few,any,little为先行词时；
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 最终，小偷偷的所有东西全部交给了警察。
②先行词为 the only, the very, the just时；
He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water. 他从水中救起了那个女孩。
③先行词为序数词、数词、形容词或最高级时；
The first English book that I read was 'The Prince and the Pauper' by Mark Twain. 我读的第一本书是马克·吐温写的《王子与贫儿》。
④先行词既有人又有物时；
He talked about the teachers and school that he visited. 他在讲他以前访问过的学校和老师。
⑤当主句是以who或which开始的特殊疑问句时，为避免重复用that；
Who is the person that is standing at the gate? 那个站在门口的人是谁？
⑥关系代词作表语时；
He is not the man that he used to be. 他以前不是这样的人。
三、常见考法
初级难度：定从小技巧
1. 逗号后不用that；
2. 介词后不用that；
简单，考察较多
中级难度：从句是否完整；状从的翻译
考察较多
高级难度：同位语从句与定语从句的区别；只用that，不用which的情况
难，考察不多
四、经典练习
并列句
1．They kept their collection at home until it got too big ______ until they died，and then it was given to a museum.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)
答案 or
解析 考查并列连词。前后陈述的是两种可能性until it got too big或until they died，故用or连接。
2．I work not because I have to， ______ because I want to.(2019·全国Ⅱ)
答案but
解析 考查并列连词。此处用but与前面not构成not...but...“不是……而是……”结构，故填but。
3．In much of Asia，especially the socalled “rice bowl” cultures of China，Japan，Korea， ______ Vietnam，food is usually eaten with chopsticks.(2016·全国Ⅲ)
答案and
解析 考查并列连词。China，Japan，Korea与Vietnam是并列关系。故填and。
4．But the river wasn’t changed in a few days ______ even a few months.(2014·新课标全国Ⅰ)
答案or
解析 考查并列连词。根据句意可知，设空处应该表示递进含义。or even 表示“甚至，乃至”，故填or。
5. In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index(体重指数）across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier ______(56) that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.（2021年1月 浙江）
答案and
解析 考查并列连词。that people worldwide are getting heavier 与 that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas是两个从句并列。故填and。
难点：
Don't go to a school specifically for a high school relationship ________(64) to make someone else happy.（2021年八省联考试题）
答案or
解析 考查并列连词。句意为，不要为了高中恋情也不要为了让别人开心而去某个学校。or表示也不要，故填or。
定语从句
1．Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe，China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ______ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.(2020·全国Ⅰ)
答案where
解析 考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰a spot，且所填词在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where。
2．The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane，for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum ______ opened in 1759.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)
答案 which/that
解析 考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰the British Museum(指物)，且从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词which/that。
3．In ancient China lived an artist ______ paintings were almost lifelike.(2020·全国Ⅲ)
答案whose
解析 考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知，此处为限制性定语从句，关系词在定语从句中作定语，修饰paintings。故填whose。
4．Dr.Rowan， ______ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.(2020·天津)
答案 whose
解析 考查定语从句的关系词。secretary与先行词Dr.Rowan之间为所属关系，空格处在句中作定语，需用whose。
5．Many lessons are now available online，from ______ students can choose for free.
(2020·江苏)
答案 which
解析 考查定语从句的关系词。这是“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是many lessons(指物)，关系代词用which。
6．Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ______ she opened with her late husband Les.(2019·全国Ⅱ)
答案which
解析 考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened的宾语，故用which。
7．They were well trained by their masters ______ had great experience with caring for these animals.(2019·全国Ⅲ)
答案who/that
解析 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为限制性定语从句，先行词为masters(主人们)，且关系词在从句中作主语，故填who或that。
8．On the edge of the jacket，there is a piece of cloth ______ gives off light in the dark.
(2019·浙江)
答案that/which
解析 考查限制性定语从句。先行词是cloth，指物，且从句中缺少主语，因此用that或which引导。
9．The students benefitting most from college are those ______ are totally engaged(参与) in academic life，taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources(资源)．(2019·北京)
答案who
解析 考查限制性定语从句。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词those，且在从句中作主语，指人，故填who。
10．We have entered into an age ______ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
(2019·江苏)
答案when
解析 考查限制性定语从句。句中先行词为an age(一个时代)，且关系词在从句中作时间状语，故填关系副词when。
11．Their child is at the stage ______ she can say individual words but not full sentences.(2019·天津)
答案where
解析考查限制性定语从句。设空处引导定语从句，先行词是the stage，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where。
12．Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ______ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
答案that/which
解析考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导限制性定语从句，修饰a study，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，故填关系代词that或which。
13. BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ______(57) gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. （2021年1月 浙江）
答案that/which
解析 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导限制性定语从句，修饰tool，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，故填关系代词that或which。
难点
It can be easy to let a particular school become a front-runner early on in your decision-making process, and it may even become the winning choice but be sure to carefully evaluate every school ________(61) has accepted you, since you had particular reasons for applying to each school.（2021年八省联考）
答案that
解析 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导限制性定语从句，修饰every school，指物，先行词中有every，且关系词在从句中作主语，故填关系代词that。
名词性从句
1．Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on ______ could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.(2020·浙江)
答案 what
解析 考查名词性从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知， ______ could be hunted or gathered from the wild作depend on的宾语，且从句中又缺少主语。因此填连接代词what。
2．It is not a problem ______ we can win the battle；it’s just a matter of time.(2020·江苏)
答案 whether
解析 考查名词性从句。句中It是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的从句。句中的not a problem 暗示空格处表示“是否”，故用whether引导主语从句。
3．Jane moved aimlessly down the treelined street，not knowing ______ she was heading.(2017·北京)
答案where
解析 考查宾语从句。句意为：简沿着绿树成荫的街道漫无目的地走着，不知道要去哪里。故填where。
4．What students do at college seems to matter much more than ______ they go.(2019·北京)
答案where
解析 考查宾语从句。句意为：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里(哪所大学)更重要。这里表示“去哪所大学”，作状语，表示地点。故用where。
5．I’m not sure ______ is more frightened，me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.(2018·全国Ⅲ)
答案who/which
解析 考查宾语从句的引导词。句意为：我不确定谁(哪一个)更害怕，是我还是那只不知从哪里突然冒出来的雌猩猩。由句意可知填who或which。
6．This is ______ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.(2018·北京)
答案what
解析 考查表语从句。根据设空处前面的is 可以判断，此处是一个表语从句。teach sb. sth.教给某人某事，引导词作teach的直接宾语。故填what。
7．The gold medal will be awarded to ______ wins the first place in the bicycle race.
(2018·天津)
答案whoever/who
解析 考查宾语从句。介词to后是宾语从句，从句中动词wins前缺主语，故用whoever/who引导宾语从句。
8．Every year， ______ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.(2017·北京)
答案whoever/who
解析 考查主语从句。句意为：每年，在风筝节上风筝做得最漂亮的人会赢得奖品。设空处表示“(无论)谁”，表泛指，且在从句中作主语，故填whoever/who。
难点
1．Scientists have obtained more evidence ______ plastic is finding its way into the human body.(2019·江苏)
答案that
解析 考查同位语从句。从句不缺成分，且解释说明了抽象名词evidence的内容，所以用that引导同位语从句。故填that。
2. While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence ______(61) they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.（2019 全国1）
答案that
解析 考查同位语从句。从句不缺成分，且解释说明了抽象名词evidence的内容，所以用that引导同位语从句。故填that。
状语从句
1． ______ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的) artist，they smiled and pointed down the river.(2020·全国Ⅲ)
答案 When/As
解析 考查连词。根据句意与句子结构可知，应用when/as引导时间状语从句。
2．Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents’ opinion ______ he wants their support.(2019·天津)
答案unless
解析 考查条件状语从句。根据句意可知空处引导从句，前面征求父母意见是条件，又有否定词never，故填unless。
3． ______ we don’t stop climate change，many animals and plants in the world will be gone.(2018·北京)
答案If
解析 此处应用if引导条件状语从句，表示主句动作发生的条件；又因为在句首，注意首字母大写。故填If。
4．Let’s not pick these peaches until this weekend ______ that they get sweet enough to be eaten.(2018·天津)
答案so
解析 句意为：我们到本周末再摘这些桃子吧，以便它们吃起来足够甜。so that意为“以便，为了”，引导目的状语从句，符合语境，故填so。
5． ______ birds use their feathers for flight，some of their feathers are for other purposes.(2017·北京)
答案Although/Though/While
解析 考查状语从句。句意为：虽然鸟儿用羽毛来飞行，但是它们的一些羽毛也有其他用途。前后为让步关系，引导词位于句首注意首字母大写。故填Although/Though/While。
6．If you don’t understand something，you may research，study，and talk to other people you figure it out.(2017·北京)
答案until/till
解析 考查状语从句。句意为：如果不了解某个事物，你可以研究、学习、与他人探讨，直到(until/till)你弄清楚。until/till直到……为止，引导时间状语从句，符合语境。故填until/till。
7．Located ______ the Belt meets the Road，Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.(2017·江苏)
答案where
解析 located表示“坐落在，位于”，所以设空处引导状语从句修饰located，且在从句中作地点状语，表示“在‘一带一路’的交汇处”，故填where。
8．Over time， ______ the population grew，people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.(2016·全国Ⅲ)
答案as/when
解析 考查连词。as/when当……时，随着……，在此处引导时间状语从句。故填as/when。