咖啡因合酶功能进化

Convergent biochemical pathways for xanthine alkaloid production in plants evolved from ancestral enzymes with different catalytic properties

第一作者

Andrew J. O’Donnell

第一单位

Western Michigan University

通讯作者

Todd J. Barkman

Abstract

背景+问题:Convergent evolution is widespread but the extent to which common ancestral conditions are necessary to facilitate the independent acquisition of similar traits remains unclear.

主要研究:In order to better understand how ancestral biosynthetic catalytic capabilities might lead to convergent evolution of similar modern-day biochemical pathways, we resurrected ancient enzymes of the Caffeine Synthase (CS) methyltransferases that are responsible for theobromine and caffeine production in flowering plants.

结果1:Ancestral CS enzymes of Theobroma, Paullinia and Camellia exhibited similar substrate preferences but these resulted in the formation of different sets of products. From these ancestral enzymes, descendants with similar substrate preference and product formation independently evolved after gene duplication events in Theobroma and Paullinia. Thus, it appears that the convergent modern-day pathways likely originated from ancestral pathways with different inferred flux.

结果2:Subsequently, the modern-day enzymes originated independently via gene duplication and their convergent catalytic characteristics evolved to partition the multiple ancestral activities by different mutations that occurred in homologous regions of the ancestral proteins..

结论:These results show that even when modern-day pathways and recruited genes are similar, the antecedent conditions may be distinctive such that different evolutionary steps are required to generate convergence.

摘  要

趋同进化是广泛的,但是尚不清楚共同祖先条件对促进独立获得相似性状所必需的程度。为了更好地了解祖先的生物合成催化能力如何导致类似现代生化途径的趋同进化,我们复活了咖啡因合酶(CS)甲基转移酶的古老酶,该酶负责开花植物中可可碱和咖啡因的生产。可可,泡桐和山茶的祖先CS酶表现出相似的底物偏好,但是这些导致形成不同的产品组。从这些祖先酶中,在可可和泡桐中发生基因复制事件后,具有相似底物偏好和产物形成的后代独立地进化。因此,似乎收敛的现代途径可能起源于具有不同推断通量的祖先途径。随后,现代酶通过基因复制独立起源,其聚合催化特性演变为通过祖先蛋白同源区域中发生的不同突变来划分多种祖先活性。这些结果表明,即使当现代途径和募集的基因相似时,前提条件也可能是独特的,因此需要不同的进化步骤来产生收敛。




Todd Barkman 

个人简介:

Professor, Western Michigan University

Postdoctorate, Pennsylvania State University, 1998-00

Ph.D., Botany, University of Texas, 1998

M.S., Botany, Michigan State University, 1993

B.S., Botany, Michigan State University, 1990

研究方向:

Plant systematics

Molecular evolution

doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msab059

Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution

Impact Factor:11.1

Published date: 28 February 2021

END

三月

1

科学技术史上的今天

公元138年3月1日,我国汉代杰出的天文学家张衡发明的侯风地动仪,第一次成功测出远距离发生的地震:在洛阳西北千里之外的陇西(甘肃洮南)发生6级地震。

1911年3月1日,荷兰著名物理化学家范特荷甫逝世。范特荷甫提出了碳原子的正四面体理论,为立体化学奠定了基础。1901年,范特荷甫由于在反应速度、化学平衡和渗透压方面的研究,成为第一位诺贝尔化学奖获得者。

1954年3月1日,美国在太平洋的比基尼珊湖礁上试验了世界上第一枚氢弹,其威力是投在日本广岛原子弹的500倍。试验使航行在公海上的日本渔船“福龙丸-5号”的23名船员受害,因此引起日本和世界各国人民的抗议。

1966年3月1日,前苏联发射的金星探测器“金星-3号”在金星表面硬着陆,偏离预计着陆点约450公里。这是人类第一次将人造航天器送达另一行星。

1986年3月1日,著名的哈雷彗星在离开地球76年后,再次出现在地球上空。日本、美国以及前苏联等国竞相发射探测器对该彗星进行观察和探测。

Where there is a will, there is a way!

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