高中英语核心单词、短语专项练习（A）
A
◆absorb v.①to take in liquid, gas, heat, etc. 吸收（液体、气体、热等）；②to take something into the mind and learn or understand it理解，掌握；③to interest someone very much so that they pay no attention to anything else吸引全部注意力，使全神贯注；④to make something smaller become part of something larger使并入，吞并
【常用搭配】be absorbed into 并入
【拓展】
absorbed adj. 被……吸引住的，全神贯注的
absorbing adj. 十分吸引人的，引人入胜的
【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分。
1. I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling.（2017全国卷III） ________________
2. When condors (秃鹫) eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead.（北京2016） ________________
3. While watching TV, children do not merely absorb words and images (影像). （广东2015）
________________
Key: 1. 被……吸引住的 2. 吸收 3. 理解
◆adjust v. ①to gradually become familiar with a new situation适应，习惯；②to change or move something slightly to improve it or make it more suitable for a particular purpose调整，调节；③to arrange your clothing to make yourself look tidy整理
【常用搭配】
adjust to (doing) sth. 习惯（做）某事
adjust oneself to sth. 使某人自己适应某事
adjust ... to ... 根据……调节……
【拓展】
adjustable adj. 可调整的，可调节的
adjustment n. 适应；调节
【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分。
1. During those six months of hospitalizations, Becky, 12 at the time, adjusted to other adults being in the house when she returned from school. ________________
2. Some schools will have to make adjustments in agreement with the national soccer reform. ________________
3. Obviously, students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule. ________________
Key: 1. 习惯 2. 调整 3. 根据……调节……
◆admit v. ①to agree that something is true, especially unwillingly承认；②to allow someone / something to enter a place 准许……进入；③to allow someone to become a member of a club, an organization, or a school 准许加入（俱乐部、组织），接收入学；④to allow someone to enter a hospital because they need medical care接收入院，收治
【常用搭配】
admit (to) doing sth. 承认做过某事
admit ... to / into ... 准许……加入……
admit (that) ... 承认
【拓展】
admit of 容许，有……可能
admission n. 允许进入；入场费；承认
admittedly adv. （尤用于句首）诚然，无可否认
【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分。
1. She asked me whether I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t. ________________
2. English is a dynamic language that admits new words and recognizes changes in meaning, spelling, and usage of familiar words.
（湖南2015） ________________
3. Admittedly, those mighty forces are spiritual ones. ________________
4. Now there’s talk about how to solve these problems, like raising hotel taxes, or even charging admission to some public squares. ________________
5. Last admission is at 5:00 pm, one hour before closing. ________________
6. It was so popular that it survived long after women were admitted as full students to St Andrews in 1892. ________________
Key: 1. 承认 2. 准许……进入 3. 无可否认
4. 入场费 5. 允许进入 6. 接收入学
◆affordv.①to have enough money or time to be able to buy or to do sth.买得起，（有时间）能做；②if you cannot afford to do something, you must not do it because it could cause serious problems for you承担得起（后果）；③to provide someone with something提供，给予
【常用搭配】
afford to do sth. 有（时间、经济等）条件做某事
afford sb. sth. 给予某人某物
【拓展】affordable adj. 负担得起的
【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分。
1. It was also much more than we could afford, but far less than the original asking price. ________________
2. TV Ears has helped thousands of people with various degrees of hearing loss hear the television clearly without turning up the volume (音量) and now it’s better and more affordable than ever! ________________
3. The diving spots afforded such a wide array of fish and sea creatures that Larry saw more than thirty varieties of creatures. ________________
Key: 1. 买得起 2. 负担得起的 3. 提供
◆allow v. ①to let someone do something, or let something happen 允许，准许；②to let someone have something 给予；③to let someone / something go into, through, out of, etc. a place允许（进入、通过、走出）；④to make it possible for something to happen or for someone to do something, especially something helpful or useful 使可能
【常用搭配】
allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
【拓展】
allow for 考虑到，估计到，把……计算在内
allow of 容许，使有可能
【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分。
1. But during the past decade declining rainfall has allowed him to plant highly profitable crops. ________________
2. Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online to save their valuable time. ________________
3. Items that are not allowed in student rooms include: candles, ceiling fans, fireworks, waterbeds, sun lamps and wireless routers.________________
Key: 1. 使可能 2. 允许 3. 允许
◆appear v. ①to give the impression of being or doing something 看来，似乎；②to start to be seen 出现，显现；③to begin to exist 起源，出现；④to be published or broadcast 刊登，广播；⑤to take part in a film, play, television programme, etc. 演出
【常用搭配】
appear to be sth. 似乎是……
It appears (that) ... 看来……
【拓展】
disappear v. 消失，不见
appearance n. 外貌，外观；出现，起源；演出；（尤指突然的）到来；出版，广播
【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分。
1. And the appearance of new-born giants suggests that newcomers can make waves, too. ________________
2. ... these instincts (本能) appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave socially. ________________
3. ... she must be one of those one-hit wonders that spring up from time to time, only to disappear again without signs. ________________
4. Its difficulties appear so great that, however hard we work, we fail again and again. ________________
5. The Shard has completely changed the appearance of London. ________________
Key: 1. 出现 2. 显现 3. 消失 4. 看来 5. 外观
◆apply v.①to make a formal request, usually written, for something申请；②to use something in a particular situation, activity, or process应用，运用；③to affect or concern a particular person, group, or situation适用，有效；④to put or spread something such as paint, liquid, or medicine onto a surface敷，涂，贴
【常用搭配】
apply (to ...) for ...（向……）申请……
apply to 适用于
apply ... to ... 把……应用到/涂抹到……上
apply oneself to 专心从事，埋头于
【拓展】
applicant n. 申请人
application n. 申请；应用
【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分。
1. A Toronto man is offering a free round-the-world air ticket to the right woman. But restrictions apply. You must be named Elizabeth Gallagher and have a Canadian passport. ________________
2. Taylor will apply to college soon. She wants to be a nurse. ________________
3. Later I decided to apply my previous experience to learning how to read and write. ________________
4. A year ago, when I was awaiting to hear the results of my college applications, I often went to websites for some type of insider look on what college would be like. ________________
5. The gap-year phenomenon originated (起源) with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year. ________________
6. These health benefits apply to the workplace as well. ________________
Key: 1. 适用 2. 申请 3. 应用，运用
4. 申请 5. 申请人 6. 适用于
◆attack n. ①an act of using violence to try to hurt a person or damage a place攻击；②strong criticism of someone or something in speech or in writing抨击；③a sudden, short period of illness, usually severe, especially an illness that you have often（疾病的）发作
v.①to use violence to try to hurt a person or damage a place攻击；②to criticize someone or something severely抨击；③to have a harmful effect on something侵袭，损害；④to deal with something with a lot of energy and determination全力对付
【常用搭配】
be / come under attack 受到攻击
attack sb. with sth. 用某物袭击某人
attack sb. for (doing) sth. 因为（做）某事而抨击某人
【拓展】attacker n. 攻击者，袭击者
【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分。
1. ... the animal ... was by his side again. Then it attacked the back of Mac’s bike, tearing open his tent bag. _______________
2. When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn’t sit quietly. ________________
3. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. _______________
4. In fact, women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks. ________________
Key: 1. 攻击 2. 受到攻击 3. 攻击者 4. 发作
◆average adj. ①calculated by adding a group of numbers together and dividing the total by the amount of numbers平均的；②typical or normal典型的，正常的，普通的；③neither very good nor very bad平常的，一般的
n.①the amount calculated by adding together several quantities, and then dividing this amount by the total number of quantities平均数；②the usual level or amount for most people or things平均水平，一般水准
v.①to be equal to a particular amount as an average平均为；②to calculate the average of figures计算出……的平均数
【常用搭配】
on (the / an) average 平均起来，一般说来
above / below average 高于/低于平均水平
average (...) out at 平均数为，计算出……的平均数为
【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分。
1. Freddy was an average student, but not an average person. ________________
2. In 1900, people died at the average age of 30. ________________
3. The common cold is a good example: women, on average, get fewer colds than men. ________________
4. Men lose an average of 3-4 cm in height as they age, while women may lose 5 cm or more. ________________
5. The café now averages 65 to 70 customers (and eight volunteers) a day. ________________
Key:
1. 平常的，一般的 2. 平均的
3. 一般说来，女性比男性得感冒少
4. 平均水平 5. 平均为
add短语
◆add in to include something with something else 加进去
◆add to to make a feeling or quality stronger and more noticeable 增加，加强
◆add up①to calculate the total of several numbers把……加起来；②if a set of facts does not add up, you do not believe it is correct because it does not match other information you have already 合乎情理；③to gradually increase 积少成多
◆add up to ①to become a particular amount 合计达；②to combine to produce a particular result or effect 总括起来意味着
【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分。
1. Once the vegetables start to cook add in a couple of tablespoons of water. ________________
2. Perhaps you think you could easily add to your happiness with more money. ________________
3. They arrested her because her statements did not add up. ________________
4. Remember: little steps add up to big dreams. ________________
Key: 1. 加入几汤匙水 2. 提升你的幸福感
3. 合乎情理 4. 总括起来意味着大梦想
advantage短语
◆take advantage of①to make use of something well or to make use of an opportunity 利用（机会等）；②to make use of someone / something in a way that is unfair or dishonest 欺骗，占……的便宜
◆to sb.’s advantage making someone more likely to succeed 对某人有利
【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分。
1. I’m going to take advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle.）________________
2. It might be to your advantage to take a computer course of some kind. ________________
Key: 1. 利用这次旅行 2. 上某种计算机课程对你有利
all短语
◆all along from the very beginning 一直，始终
◆all the better used to say that a particular action or situation would be even more successful 更好
◆all over ①everywhere 到处，遍及；②what you would expect of the person mentioned 十分像，十足；③completely finished 全部结束
◆all over again again from the beginning 重新
◆be all about sth. used to say what the most important aspect of something is 最重要的是，主要的是
◆above all more than everything else 首先，最重要的是
◆after all①despite earlier problems or doubts 毕竟，终归；②used when you are explaining something, or giving a reason （解释或说明理由）别忘了，到底
◆in all with everything added together to make a total 总共，总计
◆all in all when everything is considered 从各方面考虑，总的说来
【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分。
1. They were imparting (传授) what Papa had known all along— the value of continual learning. ________________
2. It’ll be so nice to see Ruth again, and if she can bring the children along, all the better. ________________
3. In the coming months, we are bringing together artists from all over the globe, to enjoy speaking Shakespeare’s plays in their own language ... ________________
4. Demand for Silver Eagles in 2011 broke records. Experts predict that 2012 Silver Eagles may break them all over again. ________________
5. Dad sat me down and said, “Alice, I know it’s hard, but it’s all about persistence (坚持不懈).” ________________
6. Nobody is quite sure, but poor diet and above all long-time alcoholism have much to do with it. ________________
7. A scientist working at her lab bench and a six-month-old baby playing with his food might seem to have little in common. After all, the scientist is engaged in serious research ... and the baby is, well, just playing ... ________________
8. The ship ... was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists, 27 men in all, to the southernmost shore of Antarctica’s Weddell Sea. ________________
9. All in all it had been a great success. ________________
Key:
1. 他们在传授我父亲始终所知道的
2. 如果她能带着孩子们，那就更好了
3. 遍及全球
4. 重新打破它们
5. 最重要的是坚持不懈
6. 最重要的是长期酗酒
7. 别忘了
8. 总共27人
9. 总的说来，它是个巨大的成功
as短语
◆as a matter of fact used to add emphasis to what you are saying, or to show that it is the opposite of or different from what went before 事实上
◆as a result (of sth.) because of something that has happened （由于……的）结果
◆as far as①to a place or point, but not beyond it 远到；②to the extent or degree that （表示程度、范围）就……，尽……
◆as far as ... be concerned used to give facts or an opinion about a particular aspect of something 就……而言
◆as for used for introducing a subject that is related to what you have just been talking about 至于
◆as long as①during the time that 达……之久；②since 既然；③on the condition that 只要，在……的时候
◆as soon as at the same time or a very short time after 一……就……
◆as well in addition 也，又，还
◆as well as and in addition 和，除……之外（也）
◆as yet up to the present or a specified time 到现在为止
【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分。
1. There’s no reason to be disappointed. As a matter of fact, this could be rather amusing. _______________
2. Moreover, the USA has a track record of successfully accepting immigrants. As a result it’s likely to see a rise in the size of its working-age population and to witness strong economic growth over the longer term. ________________
3. —Michael was late for Mr. Smith’s chemistry class this morning.
—How come? As far as I know, he never came late to class. ________________
4. And as far as your body is concerned, it’s “use it, or lose it”! ________________
5. As for the USA, it is almost unique among developed nations in having a population that is expected to grow by 20% from 2010-2030. ________________
6. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines (疫苗) provide, but they’ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks. ________________
7. As soon as you get the answer you need, move on to the next person. ________________
8. ... they might also encourage our chick (雏鸟) to start calling as well. ________________
9. But Sarah ... wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. ________________
10. ... they support an unlimited number of participants and as yet, very few include any form of accreditation (认证). _______________
Key:
1. 事实上，这可能会相当有趣
2. 结果，看到劳动人口规模的增长是可能的
3. 就我所知
4. 就你的身体而言
5. 至于美国
6. 只要
7. 一得到你需要的回答
8. 我们的雏鸟也开始叫
9. 不仅有美貌，而且有智慧
10. 到现在为止