骨科英文书籍精读（327）｜胫骨结节骨折
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FRACTURES OF TIBIAL TUBERCLE
Fracture or avulsion of the tibial tubercle usually occurs as a sports injury in young people. If the knee is suddenly forced into flexion while the quadriceps is contracting, a fragment of the tubercle – or sometimes the entire apophysis – may be wrenched from the bone. The diagnosis is suggested by the history.
The area over the tubercle is swollen and tender; active extension causes pain. The lateral x-ray shows the fracture. Sometimes the patella is abnormally high, having lost part of its distal attachment.
An incomplete fracture can be treated by applying a long-leg cast with the knee in extension for 6 weeks. Complete separation requires open reduction and fixation with lag screws; a cast or hinged brace is applied for 6 weeks.
Osgood–Schlatter disease
Repetitive strain on the patellar ligament may give rise to a painful, tender swelling over the tibial tubercle. The condition is fairly common in adolescents who are keen on sport. Treatment consists of restricting sports activities until the symptoms subside (see page 576).
---from 《Apley’s System of Orthopaedics and Fractures》
重点词汇整理：
tubercle /ˈtuːbərkl/n. （皮肤、骨头或植物上的）结节，疣粒，小块茎；（肺）结核结节
avulsion /əˈvʌlʃən/n. 扯开，撕裂；扯离的部分
apophysis /ə'pɑfəsɪs/n. 隆起；突起；岩脉的分支
The condition is fairly common in adolescents who are keen on sport.
这种情况在热衷运动的青少年中相当普遍。
keen /kiːn/adj. 敏锐的，敏捷的；渴望的；强烈的；热心的；锐利的n. 痛哭，挽歌
Treatment consists of restricting sports activities until the symptoms subside治疗包括限制体育活动直到症状消退
有道翻译（仅供参考，建议自己翻译）：
胫骨结节骨折
年轻人的胫骨结节骨折或撕脱通常是一种运动损伤。如果在股四头肌收缩时，膝盖突然被迫屈曲，结节的一部分——有时是整个突骨——可能会从骨头上被扭断。根据病史作出诊断。
结节上的区域肿胀和压痛;主动伸展会引起疼痛。侧位x线片显示骨折。有时髌骨异常高，失去了部分远端附着。
不完全骨折可以通过膝关节伸展6周的长腿石膏来治疗。完全分离需要切开复位，用拉力螺钉固定;一个石膏或铰链支撑应用6周。
Osgood-schlatter疾病
髌骨韧带的重复性劳损可引起胫骨结节疼痛、压痛的肿胀。这种情况在热衷运动的青少年中相当普遍。治疗包括限制体育活动，直到症状消退(见576页)。