“主动表被动,被动表主动”的词及短语
一
说明主语的品质或性能的动词。如cut, sell, write, wear等,常用主动形式表示被动含义。
1. 她的书很畅销。
Her books sell well.
2. 我的钢笔很好用。
My pen writes well.
3. 这把刀不快。
This knife won’t cut.
4. 这地毯耐用,是不是?
That carpet is wearing well, isn’t it?
need / require / want doing sth = need / require / want to be done 这三个动词表示“需要做某事”,后接v-ing的主动式或不定式的被动式。此外 be worth doing意为“某事值得做”,worth后接v-ing,不能接to be done。
1. 我的窗户需要擦洗。
My windows need cleaning. / My windows need to be cleaned.
2. 大部分室内植物需要定期浇水。
Most house plants require watering / to be watered regularly.
3. 这栋房子需要修缮。
The house wants repairing / to be repaired.
4. 传统文化非常值得学习。
Traditional culture is well worth learning.
表示开始,结束,运动的动词。
1. 门就是打不开。
The door won’t open.
2. 英国的一些小店通常在午餐时歇业一小时。
Some small shops in Britain usually close for an hour at lunchtime.
3. 这扇窗户关不上。
The window won’t shut.
不及物动词没有被动形式,如:take place / happen / belong等后不接宾语。
1. 几天前,我的朋友莉莉遇上了件倒霉事。
A few days ago, something very bad happened to my friend Lily.
2. 比尔的内心发生了变化。
A change took place in Bill’s heart.
3. 这些鞋是他的。
These shoes belong to him.
在sth + be + adj to do与find sth adj to do这两个句型中,sth与to do构成动宾关系,但不可使用不定式的被动式。
1. 这个故事对儿童来说有点难理解。
The story is a little difficult for children to understand.
2. 我觉得这些使用起来相当便捷。
I find them quite easy to use.
be to blame 意为“应负责任,应受责备”,在此句型汇总,虽然中文意义是被动,不可用to be blamed。
他们要对发生的所有糟糕的事情负责。
They are to blame for all the bad things that happened.
连系动词:smell / taste / sound / prove等。
1. 炒米饭闻起来真香。
The fried rice smells delicious.
2. 这披萨味道不错,我想再要一些。
The pizza tastes good. I’d like some more.
3. 服务员说的话不友好。
The waiter doesn’t sound friendly.
4. 事实表明他是一个诚实的朋友。
He proved (to be) an honest friend.
一些英文中是被动形式,但在中文表示主动意义的动词。这类动词很多,在学习时,最好以短语的形式去记忆。如be related to, be absorbed in, be dressed in等等。
1. 牛顿坐在自己的花园里,看到一个苹果从树上落下来。
Newton was seated in his garden when he saw an apple fall from a tree.
2. 当某件事确实让我感兴趣时,我就能够全神贯注。
When something did interest me, I could become absorbed.
3. 他专注于看书,没注意到我来。
He was lost in his book and did not notice my coming.
4. 他们总是在7:20穿好衣服。
They always get dressed at seven twenty.