骨科英文书籍精读（249）｜儿童股骨近端骨折
我们正在精读国外经典骨科书籍《Apley’s System of Orthopaedics and Fractures》，想要对于骨科英文形成系统认识，为以后无障碍阅读英文文献打下基础，请持续关注。
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PROXIMAL FEMORAL FRACTURES IN CHILDREN
Hip fractures rarely occur in children but when they do they are potentially very serious.
The fracture is usually due to high velocity trauma; for example, falling from a height or a car accident. Pathological fractures sometimes occur through a bone cyst or benign tumour. In children under two years, the possibility of child abuse should be considered.
There is a high risk of complications, such as avascular necrosis, premature physeal closure and coxa vara. At birth the proximal end of the femur is entirely cartilaginous and for several years, as ossification proceeds, the area between the capital epiphysis and greater trochanter is unusually vulnerable to trauma. Moreover, between the ages of 4 and 8 the ligamentum teres contributes very little to the blood supply of the epiphysis; hence its susceptibility to post-traumatic ischaemia.
---from 《Apley’s System of Orthopaedics and Fractures》
重点词汇整理：
potentially /pəˈtenʃəli/adv. 可能地，潜在地
velocity /vəˈlɑːsəti/n. 【物】速度
cyst /sɪst/n. [肿瘤] 囊肿；[生物] 包囊；膀胱
benign/bɪˈnaɪn/adj. 良性的；和蔼的，亲切的；吉利的
child abuse 虐待儿童，摧残儿童
premature physeal closure 骺板早闭
coxa vara.[外科] 髋内翻
ossification /ˌɑːsɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/n. 骨化；成骨；（思想的）僵化
epiphysis /i'pifisis/n. 骺；脑上体；松果体
ligamentum teres(股骨头)圆韧带
susceptibility /səˌseptəˈbɪləti/n. 敏感性；感情
百度翻译：
儿童股骨近端骨折
髋部骨折很少发生在儿童身上，但一旦发生就可能非常严重。
骨折通常是由于高速创伤，例如，从高处坠落或车祸。病理性骨折有时通过骨囊肿或良性肿瘤发生。对于两岁以下的儿童，应考虑虐待儿童的可能性。
并发症的风险很高，如股骨头坏死、过早闭合和髋内翻。出生时股骨近端完全是软骨性的，数年来，由于骨化倾向，在首都骨骺和大转子之间的区域非常容易受到创伤。此外，在4岁至8岁之间，圆韧带对骨骺的血液供应贡献很小，因此易发生外伤后缺血。