苏俄猎狼犬 FCI国际纯种犬标准
注：该标准中文版翻译自FCI国际纯种犬标准英文版，已发布于CKU官网-犬种百科
22.11.2006 /EN
FCI-国际纯种犬标准第 193 号
BORZOI- RUSSIAN HUNTING SIGHTHOUND
苏俄猎狼犬
本图片不一定代表此犬种的理想类型
ORIGIN: Russia..
起源：俄国
Date of acceptance on a definitive basis by the FCI: 1/13/1956
FCI正式认可日期：1956年1月13日
DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE OFFICIAL VALID STANDARD: 25.10.2006.
正式生效标准发布日期：2006年10月25日
UTILIZATION: Hunting sighthound, racing and coursing hound.
用途：视觉猎犬，竞速犬和追踪猎犬。
FCI-CLASSIFICATION:
Group 10 Sighthounds.
Section 1 Long-haired or fringed Sighthounds.
Without working trial.
FCI分组：
第10组：视觉猎犬组
第2类：长毛或丝毛视觉猎犬
无需工作犬测试。
BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY :
The Russkaya Psovaya Borzaya has been an integral part of the national culture and Russian history for 9 centuries. The French Chronicle of the XIth century shows that three Borzois accompanied the daughter of the Grand Duke of Kiev, Anna Iaroslavna when she arrived in France to become the wife of Henri I. Among the owners and breeders there were many famous people including Tsars and poets : Ivan the Terrible, Peter the Great, Nicolas II, Pushkin, Turgenev. The creation of the famous kennel « Pershinskaya okhota » by the illustrious breeders the Grand Duke Nicolai Nicolaevitch and Dimitri Valtsev had great importance. From the end of the XIXth century, the Borzoi is seen in the biggest breeding kennels of Europe and America.
历史沿革：
苏俄猎狼犬 9个世纪以来已经成为了俄罗斯整个国家历史和文化不可或缺的一部分。据法国11世纪编年史，基辅大公之女安娜·亚诺斯拉夫娜（Anna Iaroslavna）嫁给法王亨利一世时，三条苏俄猎狼犬随她一同抵达法国。此犬的拥有者和繁殖者中有许多名人，包括沙皇和诗人：伊万四世，彼得大帝，尼古拉斯二世，普希金，屠格涅夫。声名显赫的繁殖者尼古拉·尼古拉维奇大公和狄米特瑞·瓦尔塞夫创建了著名犬舍Pershinskaya Okhota，此举意义重大。从19世纪末开始，苏俄猎狼就出现在欧洲和美国的最大育种狗舍中。
GENERAL APPEARANCE:
Dog of aristocratic appearance, of large size, of lean and at the same time robust constitution, of a very slightly elongated construction. Females are generally longer than males. Strong bone structure but not massive. The bones are rather flat. Muscles lean, well developed, especially on the thighs, but not showing in relief. Harmony of form and movement is of prime importance.
整体外貌：
此犬有贵族般的外表，体形大，精瘦同时体格强壮，身体结构略长。通常母犬比公犬长。骨骼结实但不笨重。骨头相当平。肌肉精干且发达，尤其是大腿，但放松时不明显。形式与运动的和谐是最重要的。
IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS :
In males the height at the withers is equal or barely superior to that from the summit of the croup to the ground.
In females these two heights are equal.
The height at the withers must be slightly inferior to the length of the body.
The depth of the chest is approximately equal to half the height at the withers.
The length of the muzzle, from the stop to the tip of the nose, is equal or slightly superior to that of the skull, from the occiput to the stop.
重要比例：
公犬肩高等于或稍大于臀顶点到地面的高度。
母犬肩高与臀顶点到地面的高度相等。
肩高应略低于身长。
胸深约等于肩高的一半。
口吻长度（从额段到鼻尖），等于或稍大于头骨长度（从枕骨到额段）。
BEHAVIOUR/TEMPERAMENT:
In its everyday life the Borzoi has a quiet and balanced character. At the sight of game it gets suddenly excited. It has a piercing sight, capable of seeing very far. Its reaction is impetuous.
行为/秉性：
苏俄猎狼犬平时性格安静平衡。看见猎物时会突然兴奋。他视力敏锐，能看得很远，反应强烈。
HEAD: 头部
Viewed from above as well as from the side, lean, long, narrow, aristocratic. Seen in profile, the lines of the skull and muzzle form a long, slightly convex line, the line of the sagittal crest being straight or slightly oblique towards the well marked occipital protuberance. The head is so elegant and lean that the principal veins show through the skin.
头部：从头部上方及从侧面看，瘦、长、窄、贵族气质。从侧面看，头骨和吻部线条修长、微凸，指向枕骨隆起的径向脊线直或微弓。头部优雅纤细，主静脉透过皮肤可见。
CRANIAL REGION: 颅部区域
Skull: Narrow; seen from above : elongated into an oval shape; seen in profile, almost flat.
头骨：窄；从上面看：呈拉长的椭圆型；从侧面可，几乎是平的。
Stop：Only very slightly marked.
头骨：非常浅。
FACIAL REGION: 面部区域
Nose: Large, mobile, considerably prominent in relation to the lower jaw.
鼻：大，灵活，显得相当突出。
Top of muzzle : Long, filled out in all its length, slightly arched near the nose.
上吻部：长，占了整个长度，靠近鼻子处微弓。
Muzzle: The length of the muzzle from the stop to the tip of the nose is equal or slightly superior to that of the skull, from the occiput to the stop.
口吻：从额段到鼻尖的口吻长度等于或稍大于从枕骨到额段的头骨长度。
Lips :Fine, clean, well fitting. The eye-rims, the lips and the nose are black whatever the colour of the coat.
唇：精致干净，服帖。不论被毛为何种颜色，眼眶，嘴唇和鼻子均为黑色。
Jaws/Teeth: Strong underjaw. Teeth white, strong; scissor bite or pincer bite.
颌/齿：下颌结实。牙齿白而强健；剪状咬合或钳状咬合。
Eyes: Large, very slightly prominent, expressive, dark hazel or dark brown, almond-shaped, but not slit-eyed, set obliquely.
眼睛：大，轻微凸起，有表现力。深榛色或深褐色，杏仁状，但不是狭长的眯缝眼，位置斜。
Ears: Small, thin, mobile, set on above the eye level and backwards, pointing almost towards the nape of the neck when not alert. The tips of the ears are situated near each other or directed downwards along the neck and close to it. When the dog is alert, the ears are carried higher and on the sides or forward; sometimes one or both ears are erect like horse ears.
耳朵：小，薄，灵活，位于眼睛的后上方，非警觉时，耳尖彼此靠的较近或沿颈部径直向下，并贴近颈部。警觉时，耳朵向两侧或向前抬高；有时一只或两只耳朵像马耳一样竖立。
NECK: Long, clean, flattened laterally, muscled, slightly arched, never carried high.
颈部：长，干净，侧面平，肌肉发达，略拱起，从不高高昂起。
BODY: 躯干
Wither: Not marked.
肩：不明显。
Back：Broad, muscled, elastic, forming with the loin and croup a curve which is more pronounced in the males. The highest point of this curve is situated ahead of the middle of the loin or in the region of the 1st or 2nd lumbar vertebra.
背：宽，肌肉发达，有弹性，由腰部和臀部形成一条曲线，公犬更明显。曲线最高点位于腰部中前方或第1或第2节腰椎区域。
Loin: Long, prominent, muscled, moderately broad.
腰：长，突出，肌肉发达，适度宽阔。
Croup : Long, broad, slightly sloping. The width of the croup measured between the two hip bones (iliac crests) must not be less than 8 cm.
臀：长，宽，略有坡度。两臀骨（髂嵴）之间的臀宽不应小于8厘米。
Chest: Of oval cross-section, not narrow, yet not wider than the croup, deep, well developed in length, spacious, reaching down almost to elbow level. The region of the shoulder blades being flatter, the chest gets gradually wider towards the false ribs, which are short; seen in profile, it forms a change in slope. The ribs are long, slightly prominent. The forechest is slightly prominent in relation to the scapular-humeral articulation.
胸：横截面为椭圆形，不窄，但也不能宽于臀部，深，长，胸腔空间宽，向下几乎到达肘部。肩胛骨区域较平，胸部朝假肋方向渐渐变宽，假肋短；从侧面看，坡度有变化。肋骨长，稍稍突出。肩胛肱骨关节令前胸略突出。
Belly : Well tucked up, the underline rises abruptly towards the abdomen.
腹：收紧，下腹线朝腹部方向陡然上升。
TAIL: In shape of sickle or sabre, low set, thin, long. Passed between the hindlegs, it must reach up to the hip bone (iliac crest),
furnished with abundant feathering. When the dog is standing naturally, the tail hangs downwards. In action, it is raised, but not above the level of the back.
尾：镰刀尾或马刀尾，位置低，细，长。从两后腿间穿过，必须能达到臀骨（髂嵴），覆有大量饰毛。自然站立时尾下垂。运动时，尾上举，但不能超过背部水平线。
LIMBS: 四肢
FOREQUARTERS: 前躯
General appearance :
Forelegs clean, muscled, seen from the front perfectly straight and parallel. The height of the forelegs from the elbow to the ground is equal or a little superior to half the height at the withers.
前肢整体：前腿干净，肌肉发达，从前面看，完全竖直并相互平行。从肘到地面的前腿高度稍大于肩高的一半。
Shoulders : Shoulder blades are long and oblique.
肩：肩胛长而倾斜。
Upper arm : Moderately oblique; its length is barely superior to the length of the shoulder blade. Angle of the scapular-humeral articulation well pronounced.
上臂：适度倾斜；长度刚刚超过肩胛骨的长度。肩胛骨-肱骨的骨连结十分明显。
Elbows: In parallel planes to the median plane of the body.
肘：肘部与身体中心平面平行。
Forearm : Clean, long, of oval cross-section; seen from the front, narrow, seen in profile, broad.
前臂：干净，长，横截面呈椭圆形；从前面看，窄，从侧面看，宽。
Metacarpus（Pastern）: Slightly oblique in relation to the ground.
掌骨（系部）：与地面稍微倾斜。
LIMBS: 四肢
HINDQUARTERS: 后躯
General appearance : Seen from behind : straight, parallel, set slightly wider than the forequarters. When the dog is standing naturallly, the vertical line dropping from the ischiatic tuberosity (point of buttocks) must pass in front of the centre of the hock joint
and of the metatarsals.
整体外观：从后面看：竖直，平行，比前躯稍宽。自然站立时，从坐骨隆起引出的垂线必须从前面穿过（臀部端点）跗关节和跖骨的中心。
Upper Thighs: Well muscled, long, placed obliquely.
大腿：肌肉发达，长，倾斜。
Lower thigh : Long, muscled, placed obliquely. The femoro-tibial and the tibio-tarsal articulations well developed, broad, clean; the angles must be well marked.
小腿：长，肌肉发达，倾斜。股胫关节和胫腓关节发达，宽，干净；所成角度必须十分明显。
Metatarsus (rear pastern) : Not long, placed almost vertically. All the articulations are well angulated.
跖骨：不长，几乎垂直。所有的骨连结角度明显
Feet: Lean, narrow, of elongated oval shape (called « harefeet »); toes arched, tight; nails long, strong, touching the ground.
脚：倾斜，窄，呈拉长的椭圆形（被称做兔足）；脚趾圆拱紧凑；趾甲长，强健，接触地面。
GAIT/MOVEMENT:
When not hunting, the typical gait of the
Borzoi is the extended trot, effortless, very supple and lifting; when hunting the charging gallop is extremely fast, with leaps of great length.
步态/动态：
不狩猎时，该犬种典型的步态是长步小跑，轻松不费力，非常柔软并且飘逸； 狩猎时，大步跳跃，奔驰极为迅速。
SKIN：Supple, elastic.
皮肤：柔软，有弹性。
COAT: 被毛
Hair: Silky, soft and supple, wavy or forming short curls, but never small tight curls. On the head, the ears and the limbs, the hair is satiny (silky but heavier), short, close lying. On the body, the hair is quite long, wavy; on the regions of the shoulder blades and the
croup, the hair forms finer curls; on the ribs and thighs, the hair is shorter; the hair which forms the fringes, the « breeches » and the
feathering of the tail is longer. The coat on the neck is dense and abundant.
毛质：
毛发： 丝滑，柔软有弹性，波浪状或形成短的卷曲，但不能是小而紧的卷毛。头上，耳朵上和四肢的毛光滑（丝状但较重），短，紧贴皮肤。身体上的毛很长，波浪状；肩胛骨和臀部的毛形成更加优美的卷曲；肋部和大腿上的毛较短；形成流苏状，马裤状的被毛，尾巴上的饰毛较长。颈部的毛发浓密而丰满。
Colour: All colour combinations, but never with blue, brown (chocolate) and any derivatives of these colours. All the colours may be solid or pied. The fringes, « breeches », featherings of the tail are considerably lighter than the ground colour. For the overlaid colours a black mask is typical.
毛色:除蓝色，褐色（巧克力色）和这些颜色的衍生色以外的任何颜色组合均可。
所有上述的颜色可能是单色或杂色。流苏状的被毛，马裤状被毛和尾巴上的饰毛颜色相应的比背景色浅。典型的覆盖色为黑色。
SIZE: 尺寸
Desirable height at the withers :
dogs : 75 - 85 cm,
bitches : 68 - 78 cm.
In males, the height at the withers is equal or barely superior to that from the summit of the croup to the ground. In females, these
heights are equal. Subjects exceeding the maximum height are acceptable provided the typical morphology is preserved.
理想肩高：
公犬：75 – 85厘米
母犬：68 – 78厘米
公犬肩高等于或略大于臀顶点到地面的高度。母犬肩高等于臀顶点到地面的高度。只要保留典型形态，超过最大高度的犬只可以接受。
FAULTS: 缺陷
Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be
regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree and its effect upon the health and welfare of the dog, especially:
Teeth :
Small, abnormally worn teeth. Absence of one PM2.
PM1s and M3s are not taken into account.
Colour :
Flecks of the same shade as the ground colour.
任何与上述各点的背离均视为缺陷，其缺陷严重性严格地与其缺陷的程度及对犬只的健康和福利造成的影响成正例。特别是：
牙齿：
小，非正常磨损。缺少一颗PM2。
PM1和M3不计算在内。
颜色：
除底色外有其他颜色的斑点
SEVERE FAULTS : 严重缺陷
General appearance :
Stocky appearance ; short trunk.
Heavy, round bone.
Head :
Soft tissues.
Blunt muzzle.
Very pronounced stop.
Very pronounced zygomatic arches.
Occiput not pronounced.
Teeth :
Lack of one PM3, one PM4 (lower jaw), one M1 (upper jaw), one M2.
Eyes :
Deep set; yellow or light; slit eyes (too narrow palpebral aperture); showing haw.
Ears :
Thick, coarse, with rounded tips.
Neck :
Presence of dewlap.
Back :
Sagging; straight back in males.
Croup :
Goose rump.
Belly :
Pendulous, insufficiently tucked up.
Tail :
Coarse; in action, falling downwards.
Forequarters :
Scapular-humeral angle too open (straight shoulder)
In or out at elbows.
Forearm : Of round cross-section. Any deviation of the forearm.
Knuckling over.
Weak in pasterns.
Hindquarters :
Over angulated or too straight angulation.
Close behind or spread hocks.
Feet :
Tendency to broad, round, thick feet; cat feet, flat feet; spread toes.
Coat :
Colour : Flecks on the body of another shade than the ground colour.
整体外观：
矮壮结实；躯干短。Soft tissues.
重而圆的骨骼。
头部：
组织柔软
口吻钝
十分明显的额段
十分明显的颧弓
后枕骨不明显
牙齿：
缺少一颗PM3，一颗PM4（下鄂），一颗M1（上鄂），一颗M2。
眼：
深陷，黄色或浅色；眯缝眼（眼睑缝隙过窄）；瞬膜可见
耳：
厚，粗糙，耳尖圆形。
颈：
有赘肉
背：
下陷；公犬为直背
臀：
鹅臀
腹部：
下垂；收缩不足
尾：
粗糙；运动时向下
前躯：
肩胛肱骨角度太开放（直的肩）
肘部向内翻或向外翻
前臂：横截面为圆形。任何偏离标准的前臂
突球上弯
骹骨无力
后躯：
角度太大或太直
跗关节夹紧或远离
足：
太宽、太圆、太厚的脚；猫足；平足；脚趾分开。
被毛：
毛色：身体上有与底色不同颜色的斑点
DISQUALIFYING FAULTS: 失格缺陷
Aggressive or overly shy.
Any dog clearly showing physical or behavioural abnormalities shall be disqualified.
Teeth :
Overshot or undershot mouth.
Wry mouth.
Lack of one incisor, one canine, one carnassial tooth (PM4-upper jaw – M1-lower jaw), lack of more than 4 teeth (any four teeth).
Faulty position of one or both canines of the lower jaw which, when the mouth is shut, can damage the upper gums or the palate.
Eye :
Wall eye.
Tail :
Corkscrew tail, broken tail (fused vertebrae), docked, even partially.
Hindquarters :
Presence of dewclaws.
Colour :
Brown (chocolate), Blue.
有攻击性或过于羞怯。
任何身体和行为有明显异常的犬都为失格。
牙齿：
上鄂突出或下鄂突出
歪嘴
缺少一颗门齿，一颗犬齿，一颗臼齿（PM-上颚-M1-下颚），缺少超过4颗的牙齿（任意4颗）
下鄂一颗或两颗犬齿位置不正，嘴闭合时会损伤上牙龈或上腭。
眼：
斜视
尾：
螺旋尾，尾部损坏（混合椎骨），断尾，即使部分断尾。
前躯：
有狼爪
毛色：
棕色（巧克力色），蓝色
N.B.：
Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fullydescended into the scrotum.
Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with breed typicalconformation, should be used for breeding.
注：
公犬具备两个明显正常且完全置于阴囊的睾丸
只有身体机能以及临床表现健康的，具备典型犬种结构的犬只，才可用于繁殖。