【筑】深圳市坪山区锦龙装配式学校 | Crossboundaries
作为中国的一线城市和高科技首都之一，深圳由于人口迅速增长而面临公立学校整体短缺的问题。坪山区（成立于2017年）预测2018年秋季入学人数将大大超过学生人数，这导致政府相当快地批准了几个预制学校项目，这些项目将在大约一年的建设时间内完成。
As one of China's first-tier cities and hi-tech capitals, Shenzhen is facing due to its rapid population expansion an overall public-school shortage. Pingshan District (established in 2017) was predicting for autumn 2018 highly exceeding student enrollment numbers, which led the government to approve rather quickly several Prefab school projects to be completed within about a year of construction.
Crossboundaries已经在中国的其他学校建筑项目中名声鹊起，于2018年6月开发了拥有36个教室的锦龙学校和校园，将其视为为具有重大社会影响力的项目做出贡献的另一个机会。
Crossboundaries, having already made a name for itself with other school architecture projects in China, developed as of June 2018 the 36-classroom Jinlong School & Campus, seeing it as another opportunity to contribute to a project of significant social impact.
Crossboundaries的挑战也很有趣：在预算和时间的众多限制中，要尽可能地发挥创造力，占地约16,000m2的很小的场地，必须强制使用尽可能多的预制组件和金属复合材料元素-同时整合该学校校园的所有必要功能。
Crossboundaries' challenge was also very intriguing: to be as creative as possible, within a manifold of limitations in budget & timing, a very small site area of roughly 16,000m2, the mandatory use as many prefab components and metal composite elements as possible - and at the same time to integrate all the necessary functions for this school campus.
Crossboundaries选择的最终目的是创建一所以人为本的学校，并设计一种空间，为将来在快速发展的城市中必须面对的现实问题提供解决方案。
Crossboundaries choose an approach with the ultimate aim to create a human, people-oriented school, and to design a space that provides a solution to a realistic problem that one has to face in quickly expanding cities in the future.
对于锦龙学校项目的约75％，Crossboundaries采用了预制结构。这大大减少了现场施工浪费，所需的湿式施工，劳动力投入和必要的施工时间。由于使用了深圳本地的预制件工厂，运输成本已降至最低。
For about 75% of the Jinlong School Project, Crossboundaries adopted prefabricated structures. This dramatically reduced on-site construction waste, required wet construction, labor input and the necessary construction period. Due to the use of a local, Shenzhen based prefab elements factory, transportation costs were kept to a minimum.
模块化应用主要用于住宅和教育建筑（例如宿舍，教学室和其他教室），而公共场所和其他一些区域则采用更常规的建造方法进行配置。
Modular applications are mainly used in the residential and educational buildings (e.g. dormitories, teaching and other classrooms) whereas public spaces and some other areas are configured in more conventional construction methods.
建筑师设法赋予学校独特的美学品质，它自己的个性化设计特色，同时也注重以人为本的空间关系。他们的目的是打破同一块镶板的刻板重复，并在整个校园中融入视觉吸引力的亮点。
The architects managed to give the school a distinctive aesthetic quality, its very own individual design character, whilst also paying attention to people-oriented spatial relationships. They aimed to break the rigid repetition of the same paneling, and to incorporate visually appealing highlights across the campus.
在三座教学楼上使用了六种预制板，它们具有不同的宽度和不同的窗户开口布置，从而在整体统一的立面上产生了变化。窗户的大小，垂直和水平矩形形状都有交替的节奏，这也会导致立面上的密度发生变化。在选定的窗户开口周围还设置了带有黄色突出金属框的其他装饰。
Six kinds of prefab panels were used on the three teaching buildings, with different width and different arrangements of window openings, thus creating of variations in an overall unified façade. Windows appear in an alternating rhythm in sizes, vertical and horizontal rectangular shapes, which also results in a change in density on the façades. Additional accents are set with yellow, protruding metal frames around selected window openings.
颜色概念还用蓝色定义了流通区域（路径和走廊），用黄色定义了儿童/学生的会议枢纽（例如在宿舍中）。因此，黄色表示人们停留和社交，活动较少的区域。
The color concept further defines circulation areas (paths and corridors) in blue and meeting hubs for children/students (e.g. in the dormitory) in yellow. Yellow is therefore indicating zones where people stay and socialize, and move less.
对于从远处可见的宿舍楼，外墙由不同厚度和颜色的预制面板组成。最突出的部分最亮，最凹陷的部分最暗。均匀分布的开口用作阳台，在其后面的宿舍房间设有外墙立面，并允许表面的整体深度更大。
For the dormitory building - highly visible from afar - the façade is composed out of prefab panels in different thicknesses and different color hues. The most protruding ones are the brightest, the most set back ones the darkest. Evenly distributed openings function as balconies with a setback façade for the dormitory rooms behind them and allow for more depth in the overall appearance of the surface.
锦龙项目的建筑面积超过50,000平方米，占地面积仅为16,000平方米，容积率几乎为2.5，对学校而言是一个相当高的指数。设计公共空间时必须遵循实用且明智的考虑，避免重复和压迫感，并为将来的教育创新留出空间，这一点至关重要。
With a construction area of more than 50,000m2 and a site area of only around 16,000m2, the plot ratio of the Jinlong project is almost 2.5, representing a quite high index for a school. It was essential to design the public spaces following practical and at the same time smart considerations, trying to avoid repetitiveness and a sense of oppression as well as to set aside space for future educational innovation.
常规校园布局中的运动场通常被推到外围区域，与学习空间断开连接，而锦龙学校的跑道位于校园的中间，并在一个平台上举起，以容纳其他运动场所，艺术，图书馆和下方的多功能空间，因此在较低的水平上创建了一条贯穿整个校园的公共走廊。
Whereas sports fields in conventional campus layouts are usually pushed to the peripheral area, disconnected from the learning spaces, the running track of the Jinlong school was positioned in the middle of the campus and lifted up on a platform to allow for other sport areas, art, library and multifunctional spaces below, thus creating a public corridor on the lower level, that runs through the whole campus.
连接教学楼的不同楼层之间的走廊以及相邻的高架运动场的相邻区域的走廊是较大范围网络的一部分，可方便行人自由移动和流通。
Corridors connecting the teaching buildings on different levels to each other and also to adjacent areas of the adjoining, elevated sports fields are part of a larger scoped network, facilitating pedestrians free movement and circulation.
多个大型公共空间并入了宿舍中的不同高度，并以黄色突出显示。它们是宿舍居民的交流和聚会场所，打破了拥挤而又统一的感觉，即大量住宅单元的重复性引起的密度。
Incorporated in the dormitory at different heights and emphasized in yellow, are multiple large-scale public spaces. They are communication and meeting spaces for the dormitory's residents and break the crowded and uniform feeling, the density evoked by the repetitiveness of the large number of residential units.
考虑到深圳的亚热带气候，许多学校综合体的公共区域仍然开放，没有像教室，实验室或其他特殊区域那样封闭。穿孔的轻金属面板被应用于教学建筑的外墙，不仅提供了功能优势，例如最佳的空气流通，而且还通过揭示背后的颜色和运动提供了视觉效果。
Considering Shenzhen's subtropical climate, a lot of the school complex's public areas remain open and were not closed off like the classrooms, labs or other special areas. Perforated, light metal panels were applied to the teaching buildings' facades, providing not only functional benefits such as optimal air circulation but also visional qualities by revealing colors and movements behind.
Crossboundaries并不是第一次设计有预算和土地使用限制的公立学校。学校的设计与教育理念一起针对的是更多的受众，并且对未来的教育可能产生更大的影响-这使其成为有趣的项目。通过“锦龙”项目，“跨界”以一种最具创造性的方式应对了坪山区迫在眉睫的现实学校短缺问题，并在（乍一看）严格的项目参数范围内进行了多种可能的变化和模块化探索。
It was not the first time, that Crossboundaries designed a public school, with budget and land use limitations. School designs, together with the educational philosophy are targeted to a much larger audience and have potentially far more impact on future education - which makes it such intriguing projects. With the Jinlong project, Crossboundaries responded to an imminent, realistic problem of the school shortage in Pingshan District in a most creative way, with a multitude of possible variations & modular explorations within the (at first glance) rigid project parameters.
锦龙预制小学提供的跨界不仅是人类的教育空间，并具有巨大的社会影响力，是交流和互动的枢纽-也是未来如何在明天快速发展的特大城市中处理类似项目的愿景。
Crossboundaries delivered with the Jinlong Prefab Primary School not only a human space for education and with substantial social impact, a hub for communication and interaction - but also a future vision on how to deal with similar projects in tomorrow's quickly expanding mega cities.
Project: Jinlong Prefab School Shenzhen
Location: Pingshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
Client: Shenzhen Pingshan District Building and Works Bureau
Site Size: 16,172 m2
Architecture area: 54,465 m2
FAR (Floor Area Ratio): 2.49
Student enrolled: 1,620 ppl (estimated for 2025)
Design period: July- Nov. 2018
Construction period: Nov. 2018 - Aug. 2019
Completion time: Jan. 2020
Architect: Crossboundaries, Beijing, China
Partners in charge: Binke Lenhardt, DONG Hao
Design team: GAO Yang, GAN Li, HOU Jinghui, David Eng, Silvia Campi, Eric Chen, WANG Xudong
Cooperator and Construction Team: China Construction Science & Technology Co., LTD.
Photographers: WU Qingshan, YANG Chaoying