新生儿人体组成：测定瘦体组织作为指导新生儿营养管理工具
新生儿营养供给充足与否常常由体重增加而决定。本综述旨在总结当前对新生儿身体组成分析的了解及其在评估营养供给充足方面的应用。不同于传统的身高、体重测量，身体组成成分分析测定脂肪和非脂肪组织含量。它能更精确地反映新生儿体重增加的部分。从数量和组成上为新生儿提供充分的营养是一个挑战，特别是考虑到提供足够的营养以加快早产儿生长的微妙平衡。监测体重增加中脂肪组织和非脂肪组织变化，同时记录饮食中脂肪、蛋白质和碳水化合物的摄入，可为医疗机构提供评估为生长追赶和改善神经发育结局供给最佳营养的工具。跟踪正常生产小儿和早产儿的身体组成变化也可以为婴儿将来的营养状况，如青少年期或成人后形成肥胖、高血压、高脂血症提供重要信息。
Nutr Clin Pract. 2015;30(5):625-32.
Neonatal Body Composition: Measuring Lean Mass as a Tool to Guide Nutrition Management in the Neonate.
Rice MS, Valentine CJ.
Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Parkview Regional Medical Center, Fort Wayne, Indiana.
Mead Johnson Nutrition, Evansville, Indiana.
Neonatal nutrition adequacy is often determined by infant weight gain. The aim of this review is to summarize what is currently known about neonatal body composition and the use of body composition as a measure for adequate neonatal nutrition. Unlike traditional anthropometric measures of height and weight, body composition measurements account for fat vs nonfat mass gains. This provides a more accurate picture of neonatal composition of weight gain. Providing adequate neonatal nutrition in the form of quantity and composition can be a challenge, especially when considering the delicate balance of providing adequate nutrition to preterm infants for catch-up growth. Monitoring weight gain as fat mass and nonfat mass while documenting dietary intake of fat, protein, and carbohydrate in formulas may help provide the medical community the tools to provide optimal nutrition for catch-up growth and for improved neurodevelopmental outcomes. Tracking body composition in term and preterm infants may also provide critical future information concerning the nutritional state of infants who go on to develop future disease such as obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia as adolescents or adults.
KEYWORDS: body composition; human milk; infant; infant formula; intensive care unit; nutrition assessment; premature infant; weight gain
PMID: 25908606
DOI: 10.1177/0884533615578917
翻译：天津市第三中心医院营养科肖慧娟