【国内文旅卷】世界自然遗产之三清山(中英双语)
点蓝色字关注“国际城市发展智库”
“三清山风景名胜区展示了独特花岗岩石柱和山峰,栩栩如生的花岗岩造性石与丰富的生态植被、远近变化的气候奇观相结合,创造了世界上独一无二的景观,呈现了引人入胜的自然美。”2008年三清山国家公园被列入世界自然遗产名录时,世界遗产委员会对其作出如上评价。
三清山坐落于江西省东北地区的怀玉山脉西部,总面积达22950平方公顷。三清山因玉京、玉虚、玉华三峰峻拔,宛如道教玉清、上清、太清三位最高尊神列坐山巅而得名,其主峰玉京峰海拔1819.9米,素有“天下第一仙峰,世上无双福地”之称。三清山经历14亿年的地质变化运动,形成了罕见的花岗岩峰林地貌,并以造型奇特、险峻陡峭的石柱与山峰为特征的自然景观闻名于世。有许多貌似人形与动物轮廓的48座花岗岩山峰和89座花岗岩石柱,而高1817米、自然风景优美的怀玉山则以丰富的花岗岩造型、多种植被、远近变化的景观和十分特殊的气候奇观所著称。这个地区属于亚热带季风气候与海洋气候的交会区,形成了亚热带景观的温带森林岛屿,拥有大片森林、瀑布以及湖泊和泉水,其中一些瀑布高达60米。
三清山是历代道家修炼的场所,自晋代葛洪开山以后,便渐成为道家的名山。自宋代开始,三清山成为道家洞天福地,明代进行了大规模重建,按照“先天八卦图式”布局,始成今日规模。1600余年的道教历史令三清山遗存有丰富的道教景观,被誉为“中国古代道教建筑的露天博物馆”。
“Mount Sanqingshan National Park displays a unique array of forested, fantastically shaped granite pillars and peaks concentrated in a relatively small area. Mount Sanqingshan’s remarkable granite rock formations combine with diverse forest, near and distant vistas, and striking meteorological effects to create a landscape of exceptional landscape quality”. It is the assessment of the World Heritage Committee on Mount Sanqingshan National Park when it was included in the list of world natural heritage in 2008.
Covering an area of 22,950 hectares, Mount Sanqingshan is located in the west of the Huaiyu mountain range in the northeast of Jiangxi Province. It was named as Sanqingshan because the three precipitous peaks of Yujing, Yuxu and Yuhua look like the three supreme Taoism gods of Yuqing, Shangqing and Taiqing sitting upon the mountain. Yujing Peak, the highest peak in Mount Sanqingshan with an elevation of 1819.9 meters, is reputed as “an unparalleled sacred peak of supreme blessing”. The geological change of 1.4 billion years created the peculiar landform of granite peaks, making the natural scenery featured by the fantastically shaped and steep pillars and peaks renowned all over the world. Many of the 48 granite peaks and 89 granite pillars resemble human or animal silhouettes. The 1,817 meters high Mount Huaiyu of beautiful natural scenery is famous for the diversified granite rock formations, varied types of vegetation, near and distant vistas, and special meteorological effects. The area is subject to a combination of subtropical monsoonal and maritime influences and forms an island of temperate forest above the surrounding subtropical landscape. It also features forests and numerous waterfalls, some of them 60 metersin height, lakes and springs.
Mount Sanqingshan has been the place for practicing Taoism and gradually become the famous mountain of Taoism since Ge Hong moved to the mountain in Jin Dynasty(265–420). Massive construction of Taoist architectures on the mountain considered the blessed land of Taoism began in Song Dynasty ( 960–1279). Ming Dynasty (1368–1644) witnessed the large-scale reconstruction of the architectures in the area according to the layout of the “primitive eight diagram” to reach the current size. With more than 1600 years history of Taoism, the mountain is a place of assembly for Taoist heritages and reputed as the “Open-air Museum of Taoism Architecture in Ancient China”.