大山东出土的古玉
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龙纹玉戈 沂水县博物馆 春秋时期
文物来源:天上王城景区出土
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纪王崮一号墓
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东汉蟠螭纹玉璧
1982年出土于青州市谭坊镇马家冢子东汉墓。
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东汉“宜子孙”玉璧
1982年出土于青州市谭坊镇马家冢子东汉墓。
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东汉玉握猪
1982年出土于青州市谭坊镇马家冢子东汉墓。
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西周玉兔
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青玉铲
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青玉璇玑 时代:新石器时代
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青玉璧 时代:战国
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黄玉璜 时代:西周
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青玉猪 时代:汉
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夔龙纹玉璧
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水晶兽 汉
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玉佩 汉
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玉琀蝉 汉
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金缕玉衣
西汉 1978年5月洪家店出土。玉衣由头套、手套、脚套组成,共五件。共用玉片1140片,玉片多呈青色,较薄,表面光素,部分玉片受侵蚀。山东省临沂市博物馆藏
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玉龙。时代:商代 材质:玉器。发掘地:2003年山东济南大辛庄遗址出土 (M5:8)
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玉虎。时代:商代 材质:玉器。发掘地:2003年山东济南大辛庄遗址出土 (M5:9)
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玉戈。时代:商代 材质:玉器。发掘地:2003年山东济南大辛庄遗址出土 ( M106:2)
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玉柄形器。时代:商代 材质:玉器发掘地:2003年山东济南大辛庄遗址出土 (M106:20)
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玉串饰。时代:西周 材质:玉器。发掘地:1995年山东济南长清仙人台遗址出土 (M3:28)
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玉钺。时代:商代 材质:玉器。发掘地:2003年山东济南大辛庄遗址出土 (M106:11)
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牙璧。时代:大汶口文化 材质:玉器发掘地:1999年山东平阴周河遗址出土 (M4:21)
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玉三联璧。时代:大汶口文化
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玉玦。时代:东周 材质:玉器发掘地:泗水尹家城。
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璇玑(残体)。大汶口文化 。1985年山东省泗水尹家城遗址出土
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焦家玉器
见证史前文明曙光
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航拍焦家遗址
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考古发掘现场
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考古发掘现场
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考古发掘现场
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部分考古发掘成果
地处济南章丘的焦家遗址是5000多年前鲁北古济水流域一处具有政治、经济、文化中心意义的聚落。中国东部地区的文明起源和发展,在焦家遗址中若隐若现。章丘地区本就是考古重镇,焦家遗址南面5公里便是城子崖遗址,那是龙山文化最早被发现和命名的地方。而城子崖往西不到两公里,又有山东地区最早的新石器时代文化——后李文化的西河遗址。焦家遗址的考古发掘填补了鲁中北地区大汶口文化中晚期阶段居住形态研究的空白,可以这样说:焦家遗址是衔接周围上古文化的一块拼图。2018年4月,焦家遗址被评为“2017年度全国十大考古新发现”之一。
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焦家遗址出土玉器
焦家遗址出土的陶器、石器、骨角器和大量精美玉器。这些器物反映出当地先民们的生产生活状态:人们开始使用陶制鼎、豆、碗、盆等器型多样的食用器,掌握了石器打孔和磨制技术,使工具更加精细。而玉器则属于高端消费品,主要出现在较高等级的墓葬中,无论是权杖礼器还是装饰品,均是权贵的象征。
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焦家遗址出土玉璇玑
焦家遗址中的部分玉器,有玉铲、玉斧、玉锛、玉环、玉璜、玉坠、玉指环等,这些玉器精雕细琢,并经过打磨抛光,显示出该地区人们的玉器制作水平。玉铲是代表器形,具有一定的象征性,表明当时人们对生产的重视。但此时尚未出现玉琮,而多玉环、玉坠等装饰品,这是大汶口文化玉器的特色。大批量玉器的出土,表明该地区已开始迈进文明时代。有研究者认为,焦家遗址是一处规模较大的大汶口文化聚落中心,可能是一座原始的城。
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焦家遗址1987年被发现,1992年被列入省级重点文物保护单位。2016—2017年,山东大学历史文化学院对该遗址进行了两次发掘,重要发现以大汶口文化为主体,也是其精彩所在,发现了夯土墙、壕沟、墓葬、祭祀坑等丰富的大汶口文化遗迹,出土了大量陶器、玉器、骨器等文物,年代距今约5300—4600年。大汶口文化为龙山文化的直接源头。
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M91墓中陪葬的玉器(18件)
中国古代统称东方各诸侯国为东国,并以远近分,近者为小东,远者为大东。今天的山东地区就在大东的范围内,是传统上东方地区的代表之一。焦家遗址夯土城墙、环绕城墙的壕沟和一大批高等级墓葬,以及大批量的玉器、白陶和彩陶的发现,昭示着在大汶口文化中晚期阶段,焦家新石器时代遗址已成为距今5000年前后鲁北地区的中心聚落,是当之无愧的都邑。
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