科研用人类胚胎允许存活时间延长？
New guidelines released Wednesday remove a decades-old barrier to stem cell research, recommending that researchers be allowed to grow human embryos longer under limited conditions.
周三发布的新指导方针消除了几十年来干细胞研究的一大障碍，建议允许研究人员在有限的条件下延长人类胚胎允许存活的生长时间。
The “14-day rule,” an international ethical standard that limits laboratory studies of human embryos, has been in place for decades and has been written into law in countries including Britain and Australia.
“14天规则”是一项限制人类胚胎实验室研究的国际道德标准，已经实施了几十年，并在英国和澳大利亚等国被写入了法律。
Scientists previously have been required to destroy human embryos grown in a lab before they reach 14 days.
此前，科学家们被要求在实验室培育的人类胚胎长到14天之前就必须销毁它们。
Some researchers have favored revising the rule to further study the development process while opponents say such experiments at any stage cross a moral boundary and it's unclear the change would advance research.
一些研究人员支持这次的修改规则，以进一步研究发展过程，而反对者则表示，任何阶段的此类实验都跨越了道德边界，目前尚不清楚这种改变是否会推动研究。
The original limit was arbitrary and prevented study of a critical period in embryo development — typically between 14 and 28 days, said Robin Lovell-Badge, a stem cell expert at London’s Crick Institute and chair of the group behind the new guidelines.
伦敦克里克研究所的干细胞专家、新指南背后的小组主席罗宾·罗威尔·百吉说，最初的限制是武断的，阻碍了对胚胎发育关键时期(通常是14 - 28天)的研究。
“We think a lot of congenital abnormalities are developing quite early during this period,” said Lovell-Badge.
洛弗尔-巴奇说:“我们认为，在这一时期，很多先天性异常都很早就出现了。”
“By understanding these early stages better, it might allow us to adopt simple procedures to reduce the amount of suffering.”
“通过更好地了解这些早期阶段，我们可能可以采用简单的程序来减少很多痛苦。”
The guidelines, last updated in 2016, were issued by the International Society for Stem Cell Research, whose standards are widely accepted by countries, medical journals and the research community.
国际干细胞研究学会发布的最新的指导方针，于2016年更新，该准则的标准被各国、医学期刊和研究界广泛接受
It didn't specify how much longer embryos could be grown.
它没有具体说明胚胎可以生长多久。
For scientists in the U.K. to start making embryos beyond two weeks, the law regulating such research would need to be changed.
如果英国科学家想制造存活超过两周的胚胎，那么规范此类研究的法律就需要修改。
Any relaxing of the rule would still need a “robust review” by national regulators, Lovell-Badge said.
罗威尔·百吉表示，任何放宽该规定的措施仍需国家监管机构的"严格审查"。
It's “not a green light” for scientists to expand human embryo research, said Kathy Niakan of Cambridge University who helped draft the guidelines, adding that "would be irresponsible.”
帮助起草该指南的剑桥大学的凯西·尼亚坎说，这“不是为科学家扩大人类胚胎研究开的绿灯”，她补充说，这“将是不负责任的”。
Niakan said a public dialogue involving scientists, regulators, funders and the public to discuss any potential objections must be undertaken.
尼亚坎说，必须开展一场涉及科学家、监管机构、资方和公众的公开对话，讨论任何潜在的反对意见。
She said there must be broad public support before the work goes ahead and that countries might also use a specialized oversight process to weigh the scientific merits of the research.
她说，在这项工作进行之前，必须有广泛的公众支持，各国也可能使用专门的监督程序来衡量这项研究的科学价值。
Marcy Darnovsky, executive director of the Center for Genetics and Society, said the scientific justification for the new guidelines was still lacking.
遗传与社会中心执行主任马西·达诺夫斯基表示，新指南仍缺乏科学依据。
“When an embryo is in a petri dish outside the body, are you going to really be able to tell anything meaningful about miscarriage or embryonic development?” she said.
“当一个胚胎在体外的培养皿中生长时，真的能够帮助我们知道流产或体内胚胎发育的任何意义吗?””她说。
Darnovsky was also concerned the guidelines don't impose a limit on how long human embryos could potentially be grown.
达诺夫斯基还担心，这些指导方针没有对人类胚胎可能生长的时间施加限制。
The society also offered advice on other contentious stem cell issues, including requiring stringent oversight for transferring human embryos into the uterus after mitochondrial donation — a process where two eggs and one sperm are used to create an embryo.
该协会还就其他有争议的干细胞问题提供了建议，包括对线粒体捐献后将人类胚胎移植到子宫进行严格监督，线粒体捐献是用两个卵子和一个精子制造胚胎的过程。
The guidelines forbid, for now, any genetic editing that would pass on changes to future generations — similar to the work done by Chinese scientist He Jiankui, who stunned the world when he announced in 2018 he had made the first gene-edited babies.
目前，该指导方针禁止任何可能将改变传递给后代的基因编辑——这与中国科学家贺建奎所做的工作类似，2018年，贺建奎宣布他培育出了首个基因编辑婴儿，震惊了世界。
Such work is banned at the moment, but Lovell-Badge and others acknowledge it might one day be allowed "if it’s proven safe enough and it was used in limited enough circumstances,” said Hank Greely, director of the Center for Law and the Biosciences at Stanford University.
斯坦福大学法律和生物科学中心主任汉克·格里利说，这种工作目前是被禁止的，但洛维尔-巴奇和其他一些人承认，“如果它被证明足够安全，并在有限的情况下使用”，总有一天它可能会被允许。
The guidelines also prohibit human cloning, transferring human embryos into an animal uterus and the creation of human-animal chimeras, saying such work “lacks scientific rationale or is ethically concerning.”
该指导方针还禁止克隆人类、将人类胚胎移植到动物子宫以及创造人兽嵌合体，称此类工作“缺乏科学依据，或存在伦理问题”。
问题
文中提到了一个之前实行的旧规则叫什么名字？
留言回复正确答案，前五名朋友可以获得红包奖励哦，赶快来试试吧！
完
感谢关注
跟Amber一起看世界