旧金山立法：政府禁用面部识别系统
San Francisco has become the first U.S. city to ban the use of facial recognition technology by police and city agencies.
旧金山成为了美国第一个禁止警察和市政机构使用面部识别技术的城市。
The city's Board of Supervisors voted 8-1 on a measure Tuesday, an action several other cities and states could follow.
纽约市监事会周二以8票对1票通过了一项措施，其他几个城市和州也可能效仿。
The ordinance also requires city departments to disclose any surveillance technologies they currently use or plan to use, and to spell out policies regarding them that the Board of Supervisors must then approve.
该条例还要求市政部门披露他们目前使用或计划使用的任何监控技术，并详细说明相关政策，这些政策必须得到监事会的批准。
The ban does not affect personal, business or federal government use of facial recognition technology.
这项禁令并不影响个人、企业或联邦政府对面部识别技术的使用。
The ordinance will not become law until the Board of Supervisors ratifies the vote next week, a move that is widely expected.
在监事会下周批准投票之后，该条例才会成为法律，而外界普遍预期监事会将通过投票。
Governments have used the technology for several years, and the software can assist with efforts to find missing children, for example, or prevent driver's license fraud.
政府使用该技术已有多年，例如，该软件可以帮助寻找失踪儿童，或防止驾照欺诈。
But in recent years, technological advances have raised concerns about civil liberties and racial bias.
但近年来，科技进步引发了人们对公民自由和种族歧视的担忧。
In a study published earlier this year by the MIT Media Lab, researchers found facial analysis software made mistakes when identifying people's gender if they were female or darker-skinned, according to The Verge.
据the Verge网站报道，在麻省理工学院媒体实验室今年早些时候发表的一项研究中，研究人员发现，面部分析软件在识别女性或深色皮肤时常常出错。
San Francisco was expected to approve the anti-surveillance legislation.
预计旧金山将会批准这次反监控法案。
Some local activists say the legislation goes too far, and that there should be a moratorium on the technology instead of a ban.
一些当地活动人士说，这项立法有点过了，应该暂停使用这项技术，而不是禁止。
Joel Engardio is vice president of the grassroots group Stop Crime SF. "We shouldn't be using it right now," Engardio told us.
乔尔.恩加迪奥是基层组织Stop Crime SF的副总裁。“我们不应该现在就用它，”恩加迪奥告诉我们。
“The failure rate is too high, and so we absolutely agree with the spirit of this law, but instead of a ban, like a forever ban, why not just stop using it for now, and keep the door open for when the technology improves."
失败率太高了，所以我们完全同意这项法律的精神，但是与其禁止，比如那种永久禁止，为什么不现在先停止使用它，等到技术改进时再打开大门呢。”
Daniel Castro, vice president of the industry-backed Technology and Innovation Foundation, also says the San Francisco ordinance is a poor model for other U.S. cities.
美国工业支持的科技创新基金会副主席卡斯特罗也说，旧金山的法令对美国其他城市来说是一个糟糕的榜样。
"They're saying, let's basically ban the technology across the board, and that's what seems extreme, because there are many uses of the technology that are perfectly appropriate," Castro told us.
卡斯特罗告诉我们:“他们的意思是，让我们全面禁止这项技术，这似乎有些极端，因为这项技术有很多用途是完全合适的。”
"We want to use the technology to find missing elderly adults. We want to use it to fight sex trafficking. We want to use it to quickly identify a suspect in case of a terrorist attack. These are very reasonable uses of the technology, and so to ban it wholesale is a very extreme reaction to a technology that many people are just now beginning to understand."
“我们希望利用这项技术找到失踪的老年人。我们想用它来打击性交易。我们想用它来快速识别恐怖袭击的嫌疑人。这些都是该技术非常合理的用途，因此全面禁止它是对一项许多人刚刚开始了解的技术的一种非常极端的反应。”
Similar legislation is under consideration in nearby Oakland, and Massachusetts Senate Majority Leader Cynthia Creem introduced a bill that would impose a moratorium on facial recognition software in the state until the technology improves.
附近的奥克兰也在考虑类似的立法，马萨诸塞州参议院多数党领袖辛西娅·克里姆提出了一项法案，将暂停该州的面部识别软件，直到该技术得到改进。
Creem told us, "There is concern the system is flawed relative to racial bias, particularly with women of color."
克里姆告诉我们:“有人担心，这个体系存在种族偏见方面的缺陷，尤其是对有色人种女性而言。”
She also says more specific guidelines should be developed for the government's use of the technology.
她还说，应该为政府使用这项技术制定更具体的指导方针。
"Big Sister is watching us," she said, "and yet we don't even know how those pictures are being used. ... The system that they're using now raises issues of due process and significant issues with regards to civil liberties."
“大姐们都在看着我们呢，”她说，“但我们甚至不知道这些照片是怎么用的……他们现在使用的系统引发了正当程序的问题，以及与公民自由有关的重大问题。”
The legislation in San Francisco forbids the technology's use by police but allows its use at San Francisco International Airport and the Port of San Francisco, which are controlled by the federal government.
旧金山的法律禁止警察使用这种技术，但允许在旧金山国际机场和旧金山港口使用，这两个地方由联邦政府控制。
It doesn't prevent businesses or individuals from using the software.
它不会阻止企业或个人使用该软件。
Georgetown University researchers have found that if you're an adult in America, there's more than a 50 percent chance that you're already in a law enforcement facial recognition database, according to The New York Times.
据《纽约时报》报道，乔治敦大学的研究人员发现，如果你是美国的成年人，你有超过50%的几率已经进入执法部门的面部识别数据库。
Alvaro Bedoya directs Georgetown University's Center on Privacy and Technology.
阿瓦罗.贝多亚是乔治敦大学隐私与技术中心的主任。
He told us, "I think the technology is extremely invasive and deeply flawed ... so I think it makes sense that San Francisco would move to ban it, and if they succeed I think that hopefully this lays the groundwork for broader regulation of the technology when it's used by police."
他告诉我们，“我认为这项技术具有极强的侵入性和严重的缺陷……所以我认为旧金山采取行动禁止这种技术是有道理的，如果他们成功了，我认为这有望为警察使用这种技术时更广泛的监管奠定基础。”
Matt Cagle, a technology and civil liberties attorney at the ACLU of Northern California, also supports the San Francisco legislation.
马特·卡格尔是北加州公民自由联盟的一名技术和公民自由律师，他也支持旧金山的这项立法。
He told us, "The government has no business tracking when we leave our homes, when we go to a park or place of worship, and that's the sort of power that facial recognition technology gives the government."
他告诉我们，“当我们离开家，去公园或做礼拜的时候，政府没有权利跟踪，而这就是面部识别技术赋予政府的那种力量。”
The market research firm Grand View Research says the size of the government "facial biometrics" market is expected to grow from $136.9 million in 2018 to $375 million in 2025, according to NBC News and the Cato Institute.
市场研究公司Grand View research表示，根据NBC新闻和卡托研究所的数据，政府“面部生物识别”市场的规模预计将从2018年的1.369亿美元增长到2025年的3.75亿美元。
问题
以下哪几方面是旧金山禁止政府使用面部识别技术最主要的原因？
A.公民自由和隐私
B.资金问题
C.种族歧视
D.技术不成熟
留言回复正确选项，前十名朋友可以获得红包奖励哦，赶快来试试吧！
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