惟草木之零落兮,恐美人之迟暮:英美诗歌中的芳草与美人
花:
首先呢,要说明一下,有很多诗,不需要将植物细化到具体名字;而且,很多诗人是男性,而男性可能就面临直男癌的问题——只知道花、草、树和它们的颜色。所以,前三个关键词是:花、草、树。
花
罗伯特赫里克《给少女们的忠告》
Gather ye rose buds while ye may,
Old Time is still a-flying:
And this same flower that smiles to-day,
To-morrow will be dying.
可以采花的时机,别错过,
时光老人在飞驰:
今天还在微笑的花朵
明天就会枯死。
济慈《希腊古瓮颂》
Thou still unravish'd bride of quietnes,
Thou foster-child of silence and slow time
Sylvan historian, who canst thus express
A flowery tale more sweetly than our rhyme:
你委身“寂静”的、完美的处子,
受过了“沉寂”和“悠久”的抚育,
呵,田园的史家,你竟能铺叙
一个如花的故事,比诗还瑰丽:(查良铮 译)
草
马维尔《花园》
美好的“宁静”,我终于在此找到了你,
还有“天真无邪”,我亲爱的女弟!
我久入迷途,一直在忙忙碌碌的
众人之中想和你们相遇,
你们的神圣草木,在这世界上,
只有在草木丛中才能生长;
和这甜美的“幽独”相比的花,
人群只可说是粗鄙、不开化。(杨周翰 译)
Fair Quiet, have I found thee here,
And Innocence, thy sister dear!
Mistaken long, I sought you then
In busy companies of men.
Your sacred plants, if there below,
Only among the plants will grow.
Society is all but rude,
To this delicious solitude.
加布里埃尔罗塞蒂在《寂静的午时》说
你的手裸露在繁茂鲜嫩的草丛
指尖像盛开的玫瑰朝外张望;
Your hands lie open in the long fresh grass,
The finger-points look through like rosy blooms;
他的妹妹乔治娜罗塞蒂也写过:
当我离开人间时候,最亲爱的,
不要为我哀歌悲切;
我的幕前不要栽玫瑰,
也不要柏树茂密;
愿青草覆盖我的身躯, -- 徐安详译
When I am dead, my dearest,
Sing no sad songs for me,
Plant thou no roses at my head,
Nor shady cypress tree.
Be the green grass around us,
树
莎士比亚《在绿荫树下》
在绿荫树下,
谁会跟我一起躺下,
将他快乐的歌声,
与甜美的鸟鸣相和。
来这里,来这里,来这里!
在这里不会见到敌人,
只有严冬和酷暑。
Under the greenwood tree,
Who loves to lie with me,
And turn his merry note,
Unto the sweet birds throat.
Come hither, come hither, come hither!
Here shall he see
No enemy
But winter and rough weather.
玫瑰:
“英伦玫瑰”说的不是花,而是美人。
莎士比亚在十四行诗第十八首说:
我能否将您比作夏日?
您真是更可爱,更温和。
狂风会吹落五月的花瓣,
夏日的租期又未免太短。
Shall I compare thee to a summer day?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate.
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
And summer's lease hath all too short a date.
马洛在《牧羊人的恋歌》中说:
在那边,我将用玫瑰和成千的花束,给你做床。
I will make thee beds of roses
And a thousand fragrant posies,
本琼森《致西利娅》
我曾经赠你一环玫瑰,
不是为荣耀和献媚;
只为花环祈福,
愿它永不枯萎。
蒙你对它亲吻呼吸,
又把花环给我送回;
从此它永久鲜艳、芳香,
只因你赐给它无比光辉!(袁广达 梁葆成 译)
I sent thee late a rosy wreath,
Not so much honouring thee
As giving it a hope, that there
It could not wither'd be.
But thou thereon didst only breathe,
And sent'st it back to me;
Since when it grows, and smells, I swear,
Not of itself, but thee.
彭斯在《我的爱人像朵红红的玫瑰》中说:
“啊,我的爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰,初盛开在六月。”
O, my luve is like a red, red rose,
That's newly sprung in June,
女伯乐格特鲁德·斯坦写给女朋友Rose
Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose.
雏菊:
纳什在《春》中吟道:
田野四处飘香,雏菊亲吻我们的脚
The field breathe sweet, daisies kiss our feet.
樱桃、百合
坎皮恩在《樱桃熟了》中写道:
有一座花园在她的脸上,
盛开着百合和玫瑰;
那地方是个美妙的天堂,
还有各种鲜果累累;
没人能买那儿生长的樱桃,
除非它们自己叫唤,'樱桃熟了!’”
There is a garden in her face
Where roses and white lilies grow;
A heavenly paradise is that place,
Wherein all pleasant fruits do grow;
There cherries grow which none may buy,
Till "Cherry-Ripe" themselves do cry.
罗伯特布朗宁《我的前公爵夫人》
过分殷勤的傻子在园中攀折
给她的一枝樱桃,或她骑着
绕行花圃的白骡——所有这一切
都会使她同样赞羡不绝,
The bough of cherries some offiicious fool
Broke in the ochard for her, the white mute
She rode with round the terrace -- all and each
Would draw from her alike the approving speech,
紫罗兰
华兹华斯在《失去的爱》中说:
一位姑娘不曾受人称赞,
也不曾受过别人的爱怜。
苔藓石旁的一株紫罗兰,
半藏着没有被人看见!
美丽得如同天上的星点,
一颗唯一的星光闪闪。
A maid whom there were none to praise,
And very few to love:
A violet by a mossy stone
Half hidden from the eye!
Fair as a star, when only one
Is shining in the sky.
苹果
斯宾塞《迎婚曲》
Her cheeks lyke apples which the sun hath rudded.
她的两颊如阳光染红的苹果。
康乃馨
斯宾塞《小爱神》第64首
Her lips did smell lyke unto Gillyflowers,
她的双唇有康乃馨的香味。
柳
叶芝《在那柳枝花园下边》
在那柳枝花园下边,
我遇上我的爱;
她走过柳枝花园,
赤裸的纤足雪白。
她要我轻松第相爱,
像树儿抽着绿叶。--裘小龙译
Down by the sally garden my love and I did meet;
She pass'd the sally gardens with little snow-white feet.
She bid me take love easy, as the leaves grow on the tree;
But I, being young and foolish, with her would not agree.
草根
济慈《冷酷的妖女》
我抱她栽马上慢慢走,
整天除了她,什么也不瞧;
她侧过身子倚着我,唱出
一支仙灵的歌谣。
她为我找来美味的草根,
天赐的鲜露和野地的蜂蜜,
她用奇异的语言对我说,
想必我是真的爱你!-- 屠岸译
I set her on my pacing steed,
And nothing else saw all day long,
For sidelong would she bend, and sing
A fairy's song.
She found me roots of relish sweet,
And honey wild, and manna dew,
And sure in language strange she said--
I love thee true.
风信子
爱伦坡《致海伦》
Thy hyacinth hair, thy classic face,
Thy Naiad airs, have brought me home
To the glory that was Greece
And the grandeur that was Rome.你典雅的脸庞,你的鬈发,
你水神般的风姿带我返航,
回到希腊的光荣;
罗马的伟大。
桃金娘
约翰德莱顿《亚力山大的宴会或音乐的力量》
他的英勇的贵族排列两旁,
额发上别着玫瑰、桃金娘
(这是按战功加冕的);
可爱的泰依丝坐在他身边
像朵花似的东方新娘
正青春年华,美的骄傲:(张君川 译)
His valiant peers were placed around,
Their brows with roses and with myrtles bound:
(So should desert in arms be crowned).
The lovely Thais, by his side,
Sate like a blooming Eastern bride
In flower of youth and beauty's pride.
谷物
华兹华斯《孤独的收割女》
你看!那高原上的年轻姑娘,
独自一人正在田野上。
她一边收割一边在歌唱:
你停下吧,或悄悄过往!
她独自在那里又割又捆,
她唱的音调好不凄凉;
你听!你听她的歌声,
在深邃的峡谷里久久回荡。(顾子欣 译)
Behold her, single in the field,
Yon solitary Highland Lass!
Reaping, and singing by herself;
Stop here, or gently pass!
Alone she cuts and binds the grain,
And sings a melancholy strain;
O listen! for the Vale profound
Is overflowing with the sound.
另外狄金森诗里的花可以编本园艺种植书,而且已经有人编出来了,真是城会玩儿。可惜美人与花草联系的不多,所以我们就观赏一下这本书的内容吧!
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