TE||A dangerous woman
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导读
曼德拉前妻温妮·曼德拉的一生
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音乐| 精读 | 翻译 | 词组
A dangerous woman
一个危险的女人
本文英文部分选自经济学人Obituary版块
Winnie Mandela died on April 2nd
温妮·曼德拉于4月2日去世，享年81岁
The anti-apartheid campaigner turned Soweto mafia matriarch was 81
她生前是反种族隔离(斗士)，同时也是索韦托黑手党的女首领
注释：
Soweto mafia: 1988年，温妮成立“曼德拉联合足球俱乐部”。按照非国大老战士阿明娜·卡查利亚等人的说法，这些保镖后来沦为暴徒，在黑人聚居的索韦托镇制造恐怖气氛。当地居民不满之下，甚至烧了温妮和曼德拉的房子。这个“保镖团”被指绑架、杀害至少18名男童和年轻男子。
温妮生前接受南非一家电视台采访时说，“让我变得这么残忍的原因是，我知道要恨什么。”
链接： http://paper.cnwomen.com.cn/content/2018-04/11/047942.html
FROM the very start Winnie Mandela knew this partnership would be bizarre. Their courtship, when Nelson would arrive in gym attire and drive her to the hall just to watch him sweat. His sudden so-confident proposal, after a picnic on a white farm, when he said he knew a good seamstress to make her wedding dress. (He was married already, but he would see to that.) His constant dashing off to political meetings, so that life with him was clearly going to be life without him. The secret meetings, he in heavy disguise, in the years of his treason trial. Dazzled by his glamour and also crazy about him, she felt in real danger of losing her identity and fizzling into an appendage. She vowed that was never going to happen to her.
从一开始，温妮就知道嫁给曼德拉意味着拥有不平凡的婚姻。他们的相处方式从小事上就可以窥见一斑。纳尔逊会身穿运动服载她一起去健身，而她则只是坐在大厅里看着他流汗。在一个白人农场上的野餐过后，他说自己认识一位女裁缝，能给她做一身漂亮婚纱。就这样，曼德拉冒失又自信地向温妮求了婚。（虽然当时他已婚，但很快他就处理好了一切。）婚后，他没事就去参加政治会议，因此嫁给未来国父显然意味着“失去”丈夫。1956年开始的漫长的“叛国罪审判”期间，她与曼德拉只能秘密会面。为了掩人耳目，他总是进行了大量伪装。当初被他的魅力所吸引，为他疯狂的时候，温妮就害怕自己会失去自我，成为他的附属品。她于是暗自发誓，绝不会让这种事发生在自己身上。
Then from 1964, only six years into their marriage, he disappeared into prison for almost three decades, mostly on Robben Island. She could visit him once every six months, but not touch. There were letters, yet no simple memories of sitting round a table together, eating a meal with their daughters. Since she never really lived with him, she wondered later whether she had had enough time to love him. But when he left the scene she was more than ready to take on the fight against apartheid in his place. The harder they tried to silence him, the louder she would shout.
1964年起，也就是他们刚结婚的第六年，曼德拉被捕入狱。之后的将近30年中，大部分时间他都被关押在开普敦海豹岛（Robben Island）上。温妮只能每六个月见他一次，还不能有任何身体接触。他们只靠信件交流。然而，和女儿们围坐着一张桌子旁一起吃个饭这种很平常的事，对他们来说都很难实现。温妮与曼德拉从未真正生活在一起过，据她后来回忆，两人共度的时光很短，难相知。虽然他远在狱中，她却欣然奋起，代替他与种族隔离作斗争。当局压制曼德拉之势愈盛，她奋力疾呼之声就愈高。
That came naturally. No men, especially Afrikaners, were going to subjugate her. Growing up in Pondoland she had run barefoot with the boys, played stick-fights, set animal traps. She had been head girl at her school, then the first qualified black medical social worker at Baragwanath Hospital in Soweto. Tall, regal, exuding elegance, she was bound to catch Nelson’s eye. And she looked as fierce and fine in combat fatigues and leather jackets, marching with the Defiance Campaign to end white rule. She was harassed, put under house arrest, tortured until she swelled up and passed blood. Sent into internal exile to Brandfort in 1977, she made the place a shrine to the cause. The white colonels found there was no pain she couldn’t bear and nothing, nothing, she feared.
这一切来的并不突然。没有哪个男人，特别是南非白人，会想要去征服她。在蓬多兰（Pondoland）长大的她，小时候时常光着脚和男孩们玩，比如用木棍子打架或者给动物设置陷阱。她曾经是学校里的女孩头头，毕业后也成为了索韦托贝拉格瓦纳斯(Baragwanath)医院首位黑人社会医疗工作者。她高挑、严肃、散发着优雅的气质，注定要攥住纳尔逊（纳尔逊·曼德拉）的目光。她穿着战斗服和皮夹克在反抗白人统治运动的人群中阔步前行，既凶猛好斗，又楚楚动人。她曾一度被软禁在家，被折磨到浑身浮肿，血流如注。1977年，她被流放到国内的布兰特福德(Brandfort)，这个地方后来因为她成为了南非的反抗运动圣地。白人军官们发现世间已无其不能承受之痛；也无其所惧怕之物了。
Matches and necklaces
火柴与项链
Her ideas of liberation raged on even when Nelson’s changed. She did not speak, or associate, or deal, or do deals, with whites. In the townships, among her people, she praised bloodshed and preached violence. Poor blacks might have no guns but they had stones, matches, and old tyres to fill with petrol, jam over a collaborator’s head and set alight, necklaces of fire. In the 1980s she held sway in Soweto with the help of the Mandela United Football Club, “Winnie’s boys”, who hung around her house to carry out kidnappings and beatings. In 1989 they went too far, kicking 14-year-old Stompie Moeketsi around like a football and cutting his throat with shears, then shooting dead the doctor who examined him. The courts eventually found her “negligent”. She was barely sorry; as a rule, never sorry. For God’s sake, was it her responsibility to control their every move?
即使纳尔逊变得温和了，她依旧激情澎湃地追求自由。 她从不与白人交谈，交流或交易。 她在镇上，在她的人民当中，赞扬杀戮，鼓吹暴力。可怜的黑人可能没有枪支，但他们可以把石头，汽油填充到旧轮胎里，把它套在通敌者的头上，用火柴点燃，变成“火项链”。在20世纪80年代，她在曼德拉联合足球俱乐部“温妮的男孩儿”的帮助下在索韦托干了件大事，这些人在她的房子周围进行绑架和斗殴。 1989年，事件升级，他们把14岁的斯托比尔（Stompie Moeketsi）当球踢，然后用大剪刀割开了他的喉咙，并开枪打死了后来检查他的医生。 法院最终认定她是“疏忽大意”。她几乎没有道歉。在她的字典里没有“道歉”。老天爷啊，他们每犯下一个错误，都要她来背锅吗？
注释：
火柴与项链：“火项链”指的是把汽油浸泡过的轮胎套在人身上，然后将其点燃。在1986年的一次演讲中温妮·曼德拉宣布“用我们的火柴和 ‘火项链’我们就能解放这个国家。”
http://www.doc88.com/p-7314094723211.html
By the next year, with Nelson at last out of jail, she became more careful. She was only part of the collective, the struggle; but she had to take her place in the ruling circle of the African National Congress once, in 1994, Nelson was president. From then on her reaction to bad raps, dozens of counts of fraud and theft as well as the killings, was to raise a defiant fist, then to wait as the ANC retreated from her, then to appeal. She always won milder sentences, for the courts and the party feared to cross her and she could loudly proclaim how the people loved her, even though her marriage to their hero had foundered and in 1996 they divorced. Back she would sail to the ANC’s executive council and its Women’s League, resplendent in her tribal jewellery and brilliant satins, the mother of the nation, especially the poor. For years, she had stayed in Soweto rather than move to a once-white suburb—even if her house was a multimillion fortified affair with six bedrooms, in one of which she would spend careful hours perfecting her morning toilette.
1990年， 纳尔逊·曼德拉终于出狱了。而她也行事愈发小心谨慎起来。在之前的集体斗争中，她本只是一份子；然而，1994年，曼德拉当选总统后，她就必须要在非国大的权利圈子中扮演重要的角色了。此后，她便有恃无恐地反击负面评价，包括数十项欺诈罪、偷窃罪以及谋杀罪的指控，等到非国大放松警惕，她立刻提起上诉，进行反击。而结局总是能赢得轻判，因为法庭和非国大党都不敢得罪她。纵然，她与南非人们心目中的英雄（曼德拉）早已婚姻破裂，并于1996年离婚，可她仍能大声宣称人民无比地爱戴她。顶着“国母”，尤其是穷人的护卫者的头衔，身着流光溢彩的华服，带着熠熠生辉的民族首饰，她又回到了非国大执行委员会和妇女联合会中。多年来，她宁愿一直居住在索韦托也不搬到白人住过的郊区—可是她的住所却价值数百万，极尽奢华，尽享六间卧室；其中一间，专门供她梳洗打扮。每天早上，她都会在那里花上几个小时。
注释：Afrian National Congress: 南非非洲人国民大会（African National Congress，ANC）现为南非执政党，简称非国大，是南非最大的黑人民族主义政党，也是南非惟一跨种族的政党。该党于1912年在布隆方丹由一些知名黑人、以都市内的知识阶层为中心创建的，第一任主席为杜比牧师。当时称南非土著人国民大会，1925年改为现名，现有成员约70万人。非国大的组织架构为全国代表大会、全国执行委员会、全国工作委员会、各省委员会、地区委员会、妇女联合会以及青年团等。全国代表大会是最高权力机关，每年举行一次会议。全国执行委员会是闭会期间的领导机关，每年举行两次会议，下设全国工作委员会，负责日常工作。
The new South Africa disappointed her. Compromise and forgiveness, Nelson's way, had let too many whites off the hook for apartheid and left the economy in their hands. Meanwhile, she couldn't bear the factionalism and disrespect shown in Parliament and within the ANC. The fact that she herself was expelled from the government in 1995 for disobeying Nelson's orders and sowing division was neither here nor there. She could do as she pleased where he was concerned. Confident as she always was that “her people” would sup-port her, she hustled for higher office— deputy president had a good ring to it—and lectured the callow new ANC men, Thabo Mbeki and Jacob Zuma, on how to behave. Strong, charismatic, unifying leaders appeared to be nowhere in sight.
新南非让她失望。纳尔逊通过妥协和宽恕的方式让太多白人从种族隔离的责任中得以脱身，并将经济大权留在了他们手中。 同时，她无法忍受议会和非国大内部表现出的宗派主义和不尊重现象。1995年，她被逐出政府，因为她违背了纳尔逊的命令并且传播分裂思想，这些都无关紧要。在他真正关心的领域，她简直可以为所欲为。 她一直很自信地认为“她的人”会支持她，于是她一边忙于钻营更高的职位--副总统这个名号听起来不错——一边忙着向新非国大成员塔博·姆贝基(Thabo Mbeki)和雅各布·祖马(Jacob Zuma)讲授如何做人。强大、有魅力、团结的的领导人形象却似乎不见踪影。
注释：
1 ring: 英 [rɪŋ] 美 [rɪŋ] ring of sth: a particular quality that words, sounds, etc. have(言语，声音等的)特性：
His explanation has a ring of truth about it.他的解释听上去真实可信。
Her protestation of innocence had a hollow ring to it.(=did not sound sincere).她自称无辜的辩白显得空洞无力。
The story had a familiar ring to it(=as if I had heard it before).这个故事听起来耳熟。
Yet she was there, and still bore the name Mandela. Often enough she had tried to keep her distance from it. The role of ornamental First Lady of South Africa held no interest for her. She was not Mandela’s product, his meek woman. When he was in prison, even when he was out of it, she had plenty of affairs with younger men. But after their divorce she had not dropped the name, that name that kept her in everyone’s eye, and all the more so as Nelson aged and faded into silence. Silence and fading were not things he could ever have expected from her.
一群乌合之众中，她却赫然独立，然而仍然用着曼德拉这个姓。曾几何时，她试图和这个名字保持距离。她对南非第一夫人这个表面华丽的名字并没有兴趣。她既非曼德拉的附属品，亦非他的温顺女人。当他还在狱中时，甚至在他出狱后，她都与其他年轻男性有着不少风流韵事。但他们离婚后，她却没有舍弃这个姓氏，这个让人们关注她的姓氏。而且随着纳尔逊逐渐老去，慢慢陷入沉寂，这个姓氏就更受瞩目了。而沉默和衰退，是他永远不可能在她身上看到的。
翻译组：
Yi, 女，财务民工，经济学人爱好者
Cece，女，消防工作者，CATTI三笔
Lee，男，医学英译 Timberland爱好者
Samantha，女，滑冰狂人，邓伦未婚妻
Shirly，女，笔译研究生，经济学人爱好者
Amber，女，文学研究生，经济学人爱好者
Lucia，女，翻译学硕士三年制，经济学人爱好者
校核组：
Li Xia, 女， HR, 经济学人发烧友
Dave，大学老师，二级口译笔译，科幻文学译者
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3观点 |评论|思考
本次观点由Cece独家奉献
Cece，女，消防工作者，CATTI三笔
女战士无疑
标题讲温妮是个危险的女人，看完整个讣告，我感觉到，温妮是个勇敢的女战士。她的家人叫她“诺姆扎莫”，意为“经受考验之人”。似乎预示着，她的一生将与抗争相伴。
一、她注定与政治有缘
温妮接受过良好的教育，她19岁打破传统，成为南非医院的首位黑人医疗社会工作者。温妮十分关注并赞同曼德拉领导的反种族歧视的斗争。也许这时的她身上有着很多曼德拉在斗争路上的影子，她对战斗的激情，强烈的吸引了曼德拉，他们才走到一起。
二、她并不是附属品
虽然她用着曼德拉这个姓，她不是他温顺的女人。
曼德拉在狱中以及出狱后，温妮仍然保持着她斗争的热情。在曼德拉入狱时，温妮不断受到种族隔离当局的迫害，她却一直抗争。即使曼德拉出狱后变得温顺，温妮仍在不停发声，为黑人争取权益。后来两人终于离婚，但是温妮却仍然保持着她的事业。
曼德拉的自传《漫漫自由路》一书中，他经常提及温妮，写道：“她的精神、她的热情、她的勇气、她的率性，当我看到她的时候，我感到了所有这一切。”
她不甘活着影子里，她不只是个代替曼德拉的夫人。
三、她终于终于成为了领袖
她在晚年依旧坚持激进立场，宣称南非已经耗尽了种族隔离斗争的政治遗产，黑人在1994 年获得政治自由之后却没有获得经济自由，经济资源依旧集中在少数人手中，让国家面临无限挑战。晚年的她与曼德拉的路线差异，也是非国大及其政治盟友内部的路线分歧，她的坚持让她成为象征自由的女战士，成为大家心中的领袖。
总之，温妮，她是一个给人信心和勇气，也让人畏惧和唏嘘的女人。她把一生都奉献给非洲的国家事业中了，真心女战士了。
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