总共有5种使用Excel的场景！来对号入座，看看你属于哪一类？

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center;;"}],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"img","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":";"},{"attrName":"src","attrValue":"//image109.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2021/01/2104/213546439_3_20210121043258506"}],"childNodes":[]}]}]},"imageUrls":["https://image109.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2021/01/2104/213546439_1_20210121043258116_wm","https://image109.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2021/01/2104/213546439_2_20210121043258475","https://image109.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2021/01/2104/213546439_3_20210121043258506","https://image109.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2021/01/2104/213546439_4_20210121043258569_wm","https://image109.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2021/01/2104/213546439_3_20210121043258506","https://image109.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2021/01/2104/213546439_3_20210121043258506","https://image109.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2021/01/2104/213546439_3_20210121043258506"],"text":"总有人问起这个问题。不仅仅是个人会问，有时企业做内训时也会问。说实话，以前回答这个问题的时候也没有太仔细的想过，现在想来当时问我的那些朋友和企业也并不太满意我的回答。我后来回想，如果是我有这样的疑问，对我当时的回答是不太满意的。我觉得这个问题还是有必要认真的回答一下，因此，我花了挺长时间去考虑这个问题。下面就是我考虑后给出的对于如何学习Excel这个问题的建议。也欢迎朋友们指正。01岗位不同不代表对Excel的需求不同我一直以来都不太支持按照岗位划分对Excel的需求。比如，做考勤的和做预算的肯定不是一个岗位，但是其实她（他）们面对的问题几乎是一样的，她们需要掌握的Excel技能也是一样的。又比如，同样是做考勤的，在A公司，这个职位由前台的朋友兼做，只要将大家的打卡记录导出到Excel表，顶多按照公司规定修正一下这个表格中那些迟到，早退，旷工，加班就可以了。而在B公司，这个工作由人力资源部门专门设了一个岗，不光要导出考勤表，还有根据不同部门的规定计算出勤率，计算全勤奖，请假扣款，加班工资，调休等。因此，A，B两个公司的负责考勤的同事对Excel技能的要求也是不一样的。这里面有两个比较特殊的部门，一个是人力资源，一个是财务。其中人力资源因为模块划分特别清晰，是系统性最强的一个部门了。因此，可以依据这些模块中常用的Excel技能结合具体案例学习，这样效率会更高。我们的HR的Excel课程就是这样。而财务主要是由于有一些特殊的财务操作需要用专门的财务函数来支持，而且有些操作会用到Excel的某些别人不太常用的技能。因此，财务人员有必要专门学习一下这方面的内容。至于其他的内容，跟大家的需求没什么不同。02工作方式决定了对Excel技能的需求每个人的工作方式才是重点。我认为可以用两个维度来描述这个工作内容：源数据表产出表对于源数据表来说，我们需要考虑的是源数据表的数量和数据量。例如，你需要处理的50个数据表，和只需要处理1个数据表，显然对Excel技能的要求不同。同样，处理100万行的数据和处理200行数据也是如此。对于产出表来说，我们需要考虑的是产出表的数量，类型。这里的类型是指数据表还是图表，或者是Dashboard。因此，我们可以根据这两个维度对使用Excel的人群做一个划分，大家可以对号入座：我解释一下这个表和分类的依据。首先，我们把源数据表的维度细分为3类，分别对应于简单，复杂，超级复杂。在简单的场景中，我们面对的数据表格比较少，数据量也毕竟较少。其余的一次类推。这里面我们使用的标准是依据我们多年的经验和观察。在产出表维度上，我们分为了四类，前3类是依据产出表的数量和形式（数据表/图表/Dashboard），分别体现了低，中，高3个要求，第四类是一种特殊要求，主要体现在产出形式是模型，适用于需要根据数据进行管理（业务/市场/财务/规划等），需要建立各种管理用数据模型。根据这个划分，我们将使用Excel的人群划分为5类。首先需要说明的是，大家可以看待对于简单需求场景（表格数量和数据量少）来说，基本上是不可能产生复杂的产出表要求的，所以对应列的第2，3行是空的。03不同人群对Excel的要求及学习重点在分类介绍不同人群对Excel的学习重点时，首先需要强调一点，这个学习重点是对这个人群当前的工作场景来说的。随着所在公司规模的发展和个人能力的提升，工作场景会发生变化，这时就会有不同的学习要求。另外，如果个人对Excel某些方面的技术比较感兴趣，也不必拘泥于下面所推荐的学习重点，直接选择想学的内容钻研下去即可。A类人群对于A类人群来说，源数据场景简单，产出要求低，对Excel的要求也低，不需要学习复杂的功能和函数就可以应对。对于这一部分朋友来说，学习目标是熟悉Excel。很多朋友可能不太理解，为什么不是学会，而是熟悉呢？我这么说有两个原因，一个是对于A类人群来说，在Excel中遇到的困难都是偶发的，简单的。如果为了这种简单的偶发需求而去“学会”Excel，性价比太低了。相反，对于这种问题的最佳解决方法应该是去网上搜（大部分都有现成答案），只要能够看懂搜出的答案即可。第二个原因，根据我多年培训的经验，我发现大部分人A类人群面对的困难都很容易解决，根本不需要学习新的知识，以她（他）们已经掌握的Excel知识，基本都可以解决，只是因为对Excel不熟悉，所以做不到灵活使用而已。因此，A类人群的学习重点应该放在那些Excel的基础知识上，对于某些功能做到了解即可。下面是A类人群需要学习的主要知识点：A类人群需要学习的主要知识点这个知识点列表仅供大家学习时参考知识（或技能）点要求Excel单元格的基本操作（全选，遍历单元格的主要区域，选定区域，选定多个区域，冻结窗格）掌握数据类型（文本/日期/数值）重点，必须掌握普通筛选基本掌握排序（简单排序），删除重复项掌握查找替换基本掌握数据验证，条件格式了解主要功能，掌握简单用法打印(预览，打印标题行，打印至一行，页眉页脚）掌握求和计数函数（sum，count，average）掌握IF函数简单掌握（最多两层嵌套）VLOOKUP函数简单掌握（基本用法）条件求和/计数了解用法数据透视表基本用法B类人群B类人群面对的源数据比较复杂，但是产出简单。基本上就是做出一两个数据表。这类情形主要是对从多个来源（不同分部，不同事业部等）的数据做个汇总统计，或者从数据库或ERP系统中导出的表做个简单的分类统计，例如制作数据月报表。对于这一部分朋友来说，工作量有可能会非常大，而且往往从拿到数据到出结果的时间比较紧，从而导致压力更大。仔细分析这部分朋友的工作，会发现他们大部分时间都花费在了数据清洗上面，真正用在做统计的时间并不多。比如，他们需要把不同部门的数据合并在一起，或者修正这些源数据表的格式，将横表转成竖表等等。如果他们想省略时间不做数据清洗工作，就会发现实际上完成工作所需要的时间更多，工作也更累。要想做好这一部分工作，除了需要掌握基本的Excel技能（参加A类人群的学习重点），应该把重点放在如何利用Excel自动的完成工作上。下面是B类人群的学习重点：B类人群需要学习的主要知识点这个知识点列表仅供大家学习时参考知识（或技能）点要求Excel基础知识（参见A类人群需要学习的主要知识点）掌握高级筛选掌握排序/自定义排序掌握查找替换/分列完全掌握选择性粘贴/定位完全掌握数据透视表完全掌握IF函数（多层嵌套，多条件）完全掌握VlOOKUP函数完全掌握Match，Index函数完全掌握条件求和计数函数完全掌握文本函数尽可能多的掌握日期函数尽可能多的掌握数据清洗技巧（合并，拆分，横表转竖表等）尽可能多的掌握Power Query至少掌握到初级水平Power Pivot至少掌握到初级水平VBA根据个人喜好可以选择学习或不学习Excel工作的标准模式重点掌握思路对于后面的C，D，E类人群来说，这个列表也是他们必须掌握的基础C类人群对于C类人群来说，跟B类人群面对的源数据场景基本相同，都比较复杂，因此B类人群需要掌握的内容她（他）们必须全部掌握。同时，她（他）们面临新的挑战：产出的要求变得比较高了，其中含有比较多的图表，因此这里就需要掌握图表或Dashboard的制作。下表列出了C类朋友在学习关于Excel数据处理的主要知识点（参见B类朋友的主要知识点）外，还需要学习的知识点：C类朋友需要学习的主要知识点这个知识点列表仅供大家学习时参考知识（或技能）点要求Excel数据处理（参见B类朋友需要学习的主要知识点）必须掌握Excel图表基本功必须掌握常用商务图表制作方法尽量多的掌握ExcelDashboard制作技巧根据需要掌握D类人群D类人群跟C类人群面对的源数据场景和产出要求差不多，除了源数据表更多，数据量非常大以外。她（他）们在跟C类人群学习同样的知识外，需要能够适应这种更大的数据量的处理要求。因此，在数据处理能力方面需要加强，同时，又有数据处理工作繁重，应该尽可能的建立自动化工作的模板和工具。下面是D类人群需要掌握的主要知识点：D类人群需要学习的主要知识点这个知识点列表仅供大家学习时参考知识（或技能）点要求C类朋友需要掌握的主要知识点必须掌握Power Query至少掌握到中级水平Power Pivot至少该掌握到中级水平VBA应该掌握到初级水平Excel工作的标准模式掌握基本方法E类人群E类人群面对的问题比较特殊，她（他）们的产出是数据模型，即需要根据历史数据建立各种管理模型，例如，销量预测，财务管理模型，生产管理模型，项目管理，质量管理分析模型，最优库存模型等等。这些朋友对数据处理能力的要求不需要特别高，只要中等即可。但是需要学习模型建立的思路和方法。下面是E类人群需要学习的主要知识点：E类人群需要学习的主要知识点这个知识点列表仅供大家学习时参考Task Details要求Excel数据处理能力（参见B类人群需要学习的主要知识点）基本掌握Excel基本图表制作基本掌握Excel数据分析功能（规划求解，数据分析等，财务函数，工程函数等）根据需要掌握常用Excel数据模型建立方法尽量多的掌握VBA尽量掌握到初级END"}