30篇Cell及其子刊论文揭秘:太空飞行会给人体带来哪些危险?
美国科罗拉多州立大学的Susan Bailey教授参与了NASA研究,2020年11月25日,她与来自学术、政府、航空航天和工业团体的200多名研究人员在Cell Press等五家期刊上发表了30篇科学论文。
这一系列研究包括一篇涵盖了对太空飞行基本特征的论文,这是迄今为止。一组最大的太空生物学和影响宇航员健康的数据。
Bailey说,“现在,我们有了可以在未来宇航员身上寻找的健康信息其中,包括宇航员端粒长度变化和DNA损伤反应。我们的目标是更好地了解潜在的机制,了解人体在长时间的太空飞行中发生什么,以及它在人与人之间的差异--不是每个人的反应都是一样的。当有更多宇航员参与这些研究,研究也会越详细。”
研究染色体末端,对衰老有影响
氧化应激的新发现
与Bailey合作的美国威尔康奈尔医学院副教授Christopher Mason对珠穆朗玛峰登山者进行了基因表达分析。他发现了一种不依赖端粒酶的、基于重组的端粒长度维持途径的证据,而这种途径可以导致更长的端粒。
Bailey说,“当慢性氧化应激发生时,它会破坏端粒。正常的血细胞正在死亡并试图生存,它们正在适应新的环境。一些细胞会激活一条替代途径,以保持其端粒的活力,这与一些肿瘤的情况类似。一些细胞从这个过程中产生,这也是我们在太空飞行中观察到的。”
Luxton说,上述机制被称为端粒替代性延长(alternative lengthening of telomeres, ALT),这是一个意外的发现。他说,“你通常会在癌症或发育中胚胎内观察到这一点。”
呵护你的端粒
虽然在太空中具有更长的端粒看起来似乎是一件好事,甚至可能是“青春之泉”,但是遭受由空间辐射引起DNA损伤(如染色体倒位)的细胞寿命延长可能会增加癌症风险。”
Bailey说,“她的团队观察到所有船员在太空飞行期间和之后的染色体倒位频率增加。端粒确实反映了我们的生活方式--无论是在地球上还是在地球外,我们的选择确实会对我们衰老的速度或程度产生影响。所以呵护好你的端粒很重要。”
参考资料(可上下滑动查看)
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