骨科英文书籍精读（186）｜骨盆损伤（6）
Imaging of the pelvis
During the initial survey of every severely injured patient, a plain anteroposterior x-ray of the pelvis should be obtained at the same time as the chest x-ray. In most cases this film will give sufficient information to make a preliminary diagnosis of pelvic fracture. The exact nature of the injury can be clarified by more detailed radiography once it is certain that the patient can tolerate an extended period of positioning and repositioning on the x-ray table. Five views are necessary: anteroposterior, an inlet view (tube cephalad to the pelvis and tilted 30° downwards), an outlet view (tube caudad to the pelvis and tilted 40° upwards), and right and left oblique views.
If any serious injury is suspected, a CT scan at the appropriate level is extremely helpful (some would say essential). This is particularly true for posterior pelvic ring disruptions and for complex acetabular fractures, which cannot be properly evaluated on plain x-rays.
Three-dimensional CT re-formation of the pelvic image gives the most accurate picture of the injury; however, with practice almost as much information can be gleaned from a good set of plain radiographs and standard CT images.
---from 《Apley’s System of Orthopaedics and Fractures》
重点词汇整理：
preliminary/prɪˈlɪmɪneri/adj. 初步的；开始的；预备的n. 初步行动；准备工作；预赛，预试
preliminary diagnosis初步诊断
inlet /ˈɪnlet/n. 入口，进口；插入物；水湾v. 引进; 嵌入; 插入;
cephalad /'sɛfə,læd/adv. 向头部地
caudad /'kɔdæd/adv. 近尾部，向尾部
acetabular /,æsə'tæbjulə/adj. 髋臼的
Three-dimensional CT三维CT
dimensional /daɪmenʃənl,dɪmenʃənl/adj. 空间的；尺寸的;维度的
glean /ɡliːn/vt. 收集（资料）；拾（落穗）vi. 收集；拾落穗
百度翻译：
骨盆成像
在对每个严重受伤的病人进行初步检查时，应在胸部x光片的同时对骨盆进行正位x线平片。在大多数情况下，该片将提供足够的信息，以作出骨盆骨折的初步诊断。一旦确定患者能够忍受在x光检查床上进行长时间的定位和重新定位，就可以通过更详细的x光片来明确损伤的确切性质。需要五个视图：正位、入口视图（管头朝向骨盆并向下倾斜30°）、出口视图（管尾端至骨盆并向上倾斜40°）以及左右倾斜视图。
如果怀疑有严重损伤，适当级别的CT扫描是非常有帮助的（有些人会说是必要的）。对于骨盆后环破裂和复杂的髋臼骨折，这一点尤其正确，因为在平片上无法正确评估。
骨盆图像的三维CT重建提供了最准确的损伤图像；然而，随着实践，几乎可以从一套良好的平片和标准CT图像中收集到同样多的信息。