首先，我们来读一读2020新高考全国卷I阅读理解D篇。这些词是什么意思，你都知道吗？According to a recent study in the Journal of ConsumerResearch, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions caninfluence our food intake. And contrary toexisting research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people whoorder large portions (份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you reallyneed to avoid.To test theeffect of social influence on eating habits the researchers conductedtwo experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly (表面上) participate in a study about movie viewership.Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. Anactor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state,the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.Both the fat andthin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followedsuit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.For the second test, in one case the thin actor tooktwo pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces.The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit buttook significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we’re making decisions. If this fellow participant is going toeat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she’s having” effect.However,we’ll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a largeportion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. Butif a thin person eats a lot, I’ll follow suit. If he can eat much and keepslim, why can’t I?考试大纲里只列了take, research, graduate, individual, view, special, normal,significant, weight，而标红的这些单词均未列入，一般来说，需要注释的是生词，而课本学过但考纲里没有的单词反而还注释了，这又是为什么呢？稍加观察和思考，我们不难发现并摸索出其中的规律：凡是能够通过构词法推断出词义的“生词”，一律不注释；凡是课本上学过的但考试大纲里没有的，一律注释。换言之，高考英语命题是以考试大纲为依据的，而不是依据任何版本的英语教材。从另外一个角度看，这给我们的教学以及考生一些有益的启示：1. 单词是掌握得越多越好，而不是越少越好，记忆力好的以及英语水平高的考生要尽量学会课本里的超纲词，例如2017年高考阅读文章里出现了despite这个单词，在课本里出现过，而不属于考纲词汇，在试卷里却未给出汉语释义。2018年高考英语阅读理解里出现了很多复合词，也不再给出汉语释义，例如：outdate,readout, e-reader。2. 课本里的单词只要是在考试大纲里，必须每一个词都要学会，课本里没有而考试大纲里有的单词必须一个一个找出来进行补充学习，直到会运用。3. 考前必须掌握构词法知识，迅速扩大词汇量，根据《普通高中英语课程标准》（2017年版）3000个单词的数量推算，如果掌握构词法知识，你的词汇量可能一下子就上升到4000-5000个单词，因为有很多的名词、动词和形容词都可以通过加前缀或后缀变成一个新词。仅仅掌握构词法知识还不够，还需要多阅读一些难度大的文章，将这些从构词法衍生的“生词”通过语篇学习加以巩固，真正掌握其词义。构词法一直以来都是作为语法项目列在考试大纲里，在高三复习阶段，老师对构词法没有引起足够的重视，造成了我们的考生词汇量始终未超出3000个单词。而在考试中，尤其是在做阅读理解时，由于出现许多“生词”，学生不知道推测其词义，既读不快，又读不懂，造成阅读障碍，因而影响了考生的英语学科成绩。掌握构词法是迅速扩大词汇量最有效的方法之一。构词法主要有合成法、转化法、派生法和缩略法四种。其中合成法、转化法和派生法为主要的构词方法。
