would have caught 究竟是虚拟语气还是表猜测可能性?

The people that are participating are negative either on Thursday or on Friday.

Even if they would have caught a corona infection last night, they would be not - be infectious today.

对于:Even if they would have caught a corona infection last night,

其中would have caught: 这是表示站在现在的角度,对过去发生的事情的猜测(可能性),而不是虚拟语气吧?

因为如果是虚拟语气,应该是:Even if they had caught a corona infection last night, 对吧?

最佳答案 2020-11-08 12:45

if从句的would have done并不是语法书所说的情态动词表示说话人的推测。下面句子才是推测性用法:

He has a fever now. He would have caught a corona infection last night. 说话人根据现在的发烧,推测主语昨晚肯定感染了新冠病毒。

你的句子中,even if 让步从句带有假设意义,假设一种可能性(并不是推测感染真的发生了),主句的情况也不会发生。何况这种可能性并不一定存在,主句的情况更不可能发生。

所以,even if从句的would have done属于虚拟语气形式,只不过这个虚拟语气形式带有情态动词而已。从句如果用had done形式,则直接假设与事实相反的感染发生,而不是假设感染的可能性,所以二者还是有区别的。

语法书对于if 或 even if 从句虚拟语气形式的介绍只是举出最常见的形式,而不是固定格式。实际应用中,if /even if 从句虚拟语气形式是有很多形式的。例如:

Even if I could have helped you, I would not have helped you. 即使我能帮你,我也不会帮你的。

Even if I would have helped you, I could not have helped you. 即使我愿意帮你,我也不可能帮你。

最后再强调:情态动词的推测性用法,是指说话人推测某件事在过去实际发生了、现在正在发生或将来会发生。而不是仅仅表示有这种可能性。

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