阿富汗猎犬的标准是什么
注：该标准中文版翻译自FCI国际纯种犬标准英文版，已发布于CKU新官网-犬种百科
FCI-国际纯种犬标准第 228 号
Afghan Hound
阿富汗猎犬
©M.Davidson, illustr. NKU Picture Library
本图片并不一定代表该犬种的理想类型
ORIGIN: Afghanistan
起源国：阿富汗
UTILIZATION: Sighthound.
用途：视觉猎犬
FCI-CLASSIFICATION:
Group 10 Sighthounds.
Section 1 Long-haired or fringed sighthounds.
Without working trial.
FCI分组：
第10组 视觉猎犬
第1类 长毛或丝毛视觉猎犬
无工作测试。
BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY:
The first Afghans arrived in Britain in the early 1900s and one, called Zardin, won in spectacular style at the 1907 Crystal Palace show in London. The breed is also known as the Tazi, supporting its resemblance to a Russian breed of that name. One of the typical sighthounds of the world, the Afghan - who, as his name implies, comes from the mountains of Afghanistan is a hunter and will chase if given opportunity. Nowadays also a glamorous show dog which must combine strength and dignity with a long, silky coat as well as having an Oriental expression.
历史沿革：
第一批阿富汗猎犬于20世纪初进入英国，其中一只名为Zardin的狗在1907年伦敦水晶宫展上赢得关注。该品种与俄罗斯的塔兹犬外观相似，又被叫做“Tazi”。作为世界上最典型的视觉猎犬之一，阿富汗猎犬正如其名字，是来自阿富汗山区的狩猎犬。如今阿富汗猎犬也是漂亮的展示犬，此犬必须兼具力量和高贵，长长的被毛如丝绸一般，神情充满东方韵味。
GENERAL APPEARANCE:
Gives the impression of strength and dignity, combining speed and power. Head held proudly.
整体外貌：
给人一种强壮和高贵的印象，速度和力量兼备。头骄傲的高昂。
BEHAVIOUR / TEMPERAMENT:
Eastern or Oriental expression is typical of breed. The Afghan looks at and through one. Dignified and aloof, with a certain keen fierceness.
行为/秉性：
东方情调是该品种的典型特征。阿富汗猎犬的目光中透露高贵，超然，敏锐犀利。
HEAD: 头部
CRANIAL REGION
颅部区域
Skull: Long, not too narrow with prominent occiput. Well balanced and mounted by a long “top-knot”.
头骨：长，不过分窄，枕骨突出。匀称，顶上有长长的饰毛。
Stop : Slight
额段：浅。
FACIAL REGION
面部区域
Nose: Preferably black, liver permissible in light-coloured dogs.
鼻：黑色佳，浅色犬中也可以是肝色。
Muzzle: Long, with punishing jaws.
口吻：长，颌明显。
Jaws/Teeth: Jaws strong, with a perfect, regular and complete scissor bite, i.e. the upper teeth closely overlapping the lower teeth and set square to the jaws. Level bite (pincer bite, edge to edge) tolerated.
颌/牙齿：颌结实，成完美、规律整齐的剪咬合，即上下颌紧叩在颌部形成方形。水平咬合也可。
Eyes: Dark for preference, but golden colour not debarred. Nearly triangular in appearance, slanting slightly upwards from inner corner to outer corner.
眼睛：黑色佳，但不排除金黄色。近乎三角形，自内眼角到外眼角略向上斜。
Ears: Set low and well back, carried close to head. Covered with long silky hair.
耳朵：位置低，自然向后，接近头部。覆盖有丝样的长被毛。
NECK: Long, strong with proud carriage of head.
颈部：长、强壮，头高昴。
BODY:
躯干：
Back: Level, moderate length, well muscled.
背：平、长度适中、肌肉发达。
Loin: Straight, broad and rather short.
腰: 直，宽，且短。
Croup: Falling slightly away to stern. Hipbones rather prominent and wide apart.
臀：略下垂。臀骨很突出，分开间距大。
Chest: A fair spring of ribs and good depth.
胸：肋骨扩张良好，胸深良好。
TAIL: Not too short. Set on low with ring at end. Raised when in action. Sparsely feathered.
尾：不太短，位置低，末端呈环状。运动时尾巴举起。被毛稀疏。
LIMBS
FOREQUARTERS
四肢
前躯
Shoulder : Long and sloping, set well back, well muscled and strong without being loaded.
肩：长，倾斜，位置靠后，肌肉发达且强壮，但不沉重。
Upper arm: Long and sloping.
上臂：长，倾斜。
Elbow : In profile vertically below the withers. Close to rib cage, turning neither in nor out.
肘部: 侧面看，肘部垂直于肩部下方。靠近胸腔，不外翻也不内翻。
Forearm: Forelegs straight and well boned.
前臂：前腿直，骨量充足。
Metacarpus (Pastern): Long and springy.
掌骨（系部）：长，有弹性。
Forefeet: Strong and very large both in length and breadth, and covered with long, thick hair; toes arched. Pads well down on ground.
前足：结实，长而宽阔，覆盖长而厚的被毛，脚趾拱起。脚垫落地良好。
LIMBS
HINDQUARTERS
四肢
后躯
General appearance: Powerful. Great length between hip and hock, with comparatively short distance between hock and foot.
整体外观：有力。臀部和飞节之间长，飞节和脚之间相对较短。
Stifle (Knee): Well bent and well turned.
后膝关节：弯曲良好，转动自然。
Hind feet: Long, but not quite as broad as forefeet; covered with long thick hair; toes arched. Pads well down on ground.
后足：长，但不象前脚那么宽，被有长而密的毛，脚趾拱起。脚垫落地良好。
GAIT/MOVEMENT: Smooth and springy with a style of high order.
步态/动态：有力而平顺的步伐中，显示出极大的弹性和跳跃力。
COAT
被毛
Hair: Long and very fine texture on ribs, fore and hindquarters and flanks. In mature dogs from shoulder backwards and along the saddle, hair short and close. Hair long from forehead backwards, with a distinct silky “top-knot “. On the foreface hair short. Ears and legs well coated. Pasterns can be bare. Coat must develop naturally.
Any evidence of clipping or scissoring should be penalized.
毛质：
前、后肢及臀部、侧腹、肋覆盖着浓密、光滑而且质地良好的被毛。成熟犬，从肩背部到后背部的被毛短且紧凑。它的头部被长而光滑的顶髻所覆盖。前颜面的被毛短。耳朵和四只脚也被毛发很好的覆盖着。掌裸露。被毛无需修剪和装饰。
Colour: All colours acceptable.
毛色:所有颜色均可。
SIZE AND WEIGHT
尺寸和重量
Height at withers :
Males: 68 – 74 cm.Females: 63 – 69 cm.
肩高：
公犬 68-74厘米，母犬 63-69厘米。
FAULTS:
Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree and its effect upon the health and welfare of the dog.
缺陷：任何与上述各点的背离均视为缺陷，缺陷的严重程度与缺陷的程度大小及此缺陷对犬只的健康、福利成正比。
DISQUALIFYING FAULTS:
Aggressive or overly shy dogs.
Any dog clearly showing physical of behavioural abnormalities shall be disqualified.
失格缺陷：
有攻击性或过度羞怯
任何犬只明显表现出体力上或行为上的异常，都应被判定为失格。
N.B.：
Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fullydescended into the scrotum.
Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with breed typicalconformation, should be used for breeding.
注：
公犬具备两个明显正常且完全置于阴囊的睾丸
只有身体机能以及临床表现健康的，具备典型犬种结构的犬只，才可用于繁殖。
▲ 犬只各部位名称（FCI标准通用）