松狮犬 FCI国际纯种犬标准
注：该标准中文版翻译自FCI国际纯种犬标准英文版，已发布于CKU官网-犬种百科
27.01.2011 /EN
FCI-国际纯种犬标准第 205 号
CHOW CHOW
松狮犬
本图片不一定代表此犬种的理想类型
ORIGIN: China
起源：中国
DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE OFFICIAL VALID STANDARD: 13.10.2010.
正式生效标准发布日期：2010年10月13日
UTILIZATION: Guard dog, companion
用途：护卫犬，伴侣犬。
FCI-CLASSIFICATION:
Group 5 Spitz and primitive type.
Section 5 Asian Spitz and related breeds.
Without working trial.
FCI分组：
第5组：尖嘴犬和原始犬组
第5类：亚洲尖嘴犬及相关犬种
无需工作犬测试。
BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY :
The ancestry of the Chow is attributed to China where he was kept as a guard dog, and also used for hunting. The Chow has been known in China for upwards of 2,000 years and is related to Spitz dogs of the Nordic type, also containing something of the mastiff. Because of China’s ‘closed door’ policy to the rest of the world Chows did not begin to appear in other countries until around 1800. He made his way to England sometime during the late eighteenth century and was not really noticed in Britain until the 1920s, with a number being shown at Crufts in 1925.
历史沿革：
松狮犬的祖先源于中国，用作护卫犬、狩猎犬。两千多年来，松狮犬一直为中国人所熟知，此犬与北方尖嘴犬存在血缘关系，并具备獒犬的某些特征。由于当时中国实行“闭关锁国”政策，使得松狮犬直到1800年左右才在其他国家出现。18世纪末，松狮犬引入英格兰，不过直到20世纪20年代才被英国人真正注意到，1925年，数只松狮犬参展Crufts犬展。
GENERAL APPEARANCE:
Active, compact, short-coupled and essentially well balanced, leonine in appearance, proud, dignified bearing; well knit frame; tail carried well over back. Should always be able to move freely and must not have so much coat as to impede activity or cause distress in hot weather. A bluish-black tongue is characteristic.
整体外貌：
活跃、紧凑、接合短、匀称，有和谐、高傲、威严的狮子般的外表；骨骼结合紧密；尾巴高举于背。动态自如，被毛不可太厚以免影响行动或导致犬只在炎热天气变得焦躁。蓝黑色舌头是该犬种的典型特征。
IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS : The distance from withers to elbow is equal to the distance from elbow to ground.
重要比例：肩隆至肘的距离等于肘到地面的距离。
BEHAVIOUR/TEMPERAMENT: Quiet dog, good guard. Independent, loyal, yet aloof.
行为/秉性： 安静，有着良好的护卫能力。独立、忠诚但冷漠。
HEAD: 头部
CRANIAL REGION: 颅部区域
Skull: Flat, broad.
头骨：平，宽。
Stop：Not pronounced.
头骨：不突出。
FACIAL REGION: 面部区域
Nose: Large and wide in all cases, black (with exception of cream and near white, in which case a lighter coloured nose is permissible, and in blues and fawns a self-coloured nose (but black preferable in all cases).
鼻：大、宽、纯黑色（奶油色和近似白色的浅色鼻、蓝色和浅黄褐色的单色鼻也可（但任何情况都以纯黑色最佳）。
Muzzle: Moderate in length, broad from eyes to end (not pointed at end like a fox). Well filled out under the eyes.
口吻：长度中等，与眼部连接处宽，向鼻尖渐细（这种渐细不是指和狐狸一样尖）。眼睛下方饱满。
Lips : A solid black mouth including the roof and flews, with a bluish black tongue is ideal. However, some dilution may be evident in the gums of blues and fawns and this dilution may be more pronounced in creams and whites.
唇：包括上腭和腮皮均为纯黑色，舌头呈蓝黑色，此种情况为最佳。但牙龈处颜色明显变浅，为蓝色和浅黄褐色，奶油色和白色更为明显。
Jaws/Teeth: Teeth strong and level, jaws strong, with a perfect, regular and complete scissor bite, i.e. the upper teeth closely overlapping the lower teeth and set square to the jaws.
颌/齿：牙齿强健、整齐，颌部强壮有力，有着完美、规则而完整的剪状咬合，即上牙紧扣下牙，呈方形。
Eyes: Dark, oval shaped, medium sized and clean. A matching coloured eye permissible in blues and fawns. Clean eye, free from entropion, never being penalised for sake of mere size.
眼睛：颜色深、椭圆形，中等大小，干净。眼睛匹配颜色为蓝色和浅黄褐色亦可。不存在下睑内翻的情况，眼睛大小不影响评判。
Ears: Small, thick, slightly rounded at tip, carried stiffly and wide apart but tilting well forward over eyes and slightly towards each other, giving peculiar characteristic scowling expression of the breed. Scowl never to be achieved by loose wrinkled skin of head.
耳朵：小、厚、尖端稍圆、硬挺、两耳间距大，前倾于眼部之上且略微彼此相对，这一特征使得松狮犬呈现闷闷不乐的独特面部表情。头部皮肤松弛、褶皱多的情况绝不会形成此种表情。
NECK: Strong, full, not short, set well on shoulders and slightly arched. Of sufficient length to carry the head proudly above the topline.
颈部：强壮、丰满、非短脖子，稳扎于肩部之上，略呈拱形。长度适中，承接整个头部昂然于背线之上。
BODY: 躯干
Back：Short, level and strong.
背：短、平、强壮。
Loin: Powerful.
腰：强壮有力。
Chest: Broad and deep. Ribs well sprung, but not barrelled.
胸：宽且深。肋骨扩张度良好，非桶状。
TAIL: Set high, carried well over back.
尾：位置高，举于背部之上。
LIMBS: 四肢
FOREQUARTERS: 前躯
Shoulders : Muscular and sloping.
肩：肌肉发达，倾斜
Elbows: Equidistant between withers and ground.
肘：肩隆与地面间等距。
Forearm : Perfectly straight, with good bone.
前臂：笔直、骨量足。
Forefeet: Small, round, cat-like, standing well up on toes.
前足：小、圆且丰满，如同猫爪，脚趾着力，站姿稳。
LIMBS: 四肢
HINDQUARTERS: 后躯
General appearance : In profile the foot is directly under the hip joint.
整体外观：侧面观察，足部正好位于臀关节之下。
Upper Thighs:Well developed.
大腿：肌肉发达。
Stifle (Knee): Only slight bend.
膝盖：略弯曲。
Lower thigh : Well developed.
小腿：肌肉发达。
Metatarsus (rear pastern) : Hocks well let down. From hocks downwards to appear straight, never flexing forward.
跖骨：跗关节自然向下。自跗关节向下呈直线，绝不可向前弯曲。
Hind feet: Small, round, cat-like, standing well up on toes.
后足：小、圆且丰满，如同猫爪，脚趾着力，站姿稳。
GAIT/MOVEMENT:
Relatively short striding, hind feet not lifted high, appearing to skim the ground, resulting in pendulum like action when seen in profile. Its distinctive short-striding gait allows it to move freely, never lumbering and with excellent endurance. Forelegs and hindlegs moving parallel to each other and
straight forward. Dogs should always be able to move freely and soundly without any sign of distress.
步态/动态：
步幅相对较小，移动时后脚不会高高上提，看起来像是掠过地面，因而从侧面看似钟摆摇摆。与众不同的小步幅让松狮犬步态自如，耐力久，不会显得笨拙迟缓。前后肢相互平行，直线移动。犬只应经常保持步态自如、稳健。
COAT: 被毛
Hair: Either rough or smooth.
Rough: Profuse, abundant, dense, straight and stand-off but not excessive in length. Outer coat coarse, with soft woolly undercoat. Especially thick round neck forming mane or ruff and with good culottes or breechings on back of thighs.
Smooth: Coat short, dense, straight, upstanding, not flat, plush-like in texture.
Any artificial shortening of the coat which alters the natural outline or expression should be penalised, with the exception of feet which may be tidied.
毛质：粗毛或平毛。
粗毛：毛量丰富、繁盛、浓密、直且外展但长度不宜过长。外毛在结构上非常粗糙，底毛柔软似羊毛。颈毛特别长、密形成围绕头颈的明显的围毛，大腿后部留有似裙裤的饰毛。
平毛：毛短、多、密、直，外展，毛质如长绒毛。人为地将犬只被毛变短会改变犬只自然轮廓或外观，此类行为是不允许的，修整足部被毛除外。
Colour: Whole coloured black, red, blue, fawn, cream or white, frequently shaded but not in patches or parti-coloured (underpart of tail and back of thighs frequently of a lighter colour).
毛色: 单一的黑、红、蓝、浅黄褐色、奶油或白色，经常有毛色的渐变但不准许出现明显的色彩分块（尾巴下部和大腿背部颜色通常更浅)。
SIZE: 尺寸
Height at the withers:
Males: 48 - 56 cms.
Females: 46 - 51 cms.
肩高：
公犬：48-56 厘米
母犬：46-51 厘米
FAULTS: 缺陷
Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree and its effect upon the health and welfare of the dog.
任何与上述各点的背离均视为缺陷，其缺陷严重性严格地与其缺陷的程度及对犬只的健康和福利造成的影响成正例。
DISQUALIFYING FAULTS: 失格缺陷
Aggressive or overly shy.
Any dog clearly showing physical or behavioural abnormalities shall be disqualified.
有攻击性或过于羞怯。
任何身体和行为有明显异常的犬都为失格。
N.B.：
Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fullydescended into the scrotum.
Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with breed typicalconformation, should be used for breeding.
注：
公犬具备两个明显正常且完全置于阴囊的睾丸
只有身体机能以及临床表现健康的，具备典型犬种结构的犬只，才可用于繁殖。