鼻咽癌靶向及免疫治疗,你必须知道的“双侠五义”
什么是靶向药物?治疗鼻咽癌的靶向“双侠”
靶向药物之所以称之为靶向,是因为这类药物“有的放矢”,药物进入体内会特异地选择与肿瘤细胞内特定位点相结合发生作用,使肿瘤细胞特异性死亡,而不会波及肿瘤周围的正常组织细胞,所以靶向治疗又被称为“生物导弹”。与传统细胞毒性化疗药相比,具有更优、更精准、不良反应低的特点。如大分子的单抗类和小分子的替尼类等。
时下抗癌圈最火的免疫疗法PD-1抑制剂是什么?
免疫新疗法,PD-1抗体的“五虎上将”
注意事项:
单独使用PD-1抑制剂的有效率并不高,需要联合传统的放化疗[8]。 精准不代表这类药没有不良反应,仍有副作用如皮疹、发热及免疫性炎症如肺炎、肝炎、肠炎等。 这类药引起免疫风暴,引起间质性肺炎(发生率约2.7%-5%)[9]及免疫特异性超进展[10]等反而使“神药”变“毒药”。 如果药物在国外没有获批适应症,在国内也没有获批适应症,不可以在临床上使用。提示患者及家属不要盲目去香港或者印度购药,还是要谨遵医嘱治疗。
参考文献:
[1]Bray, F., et al., Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin, 2018. 68(6): p. 394-424.
[2]Chen, W., et al., Cancer statistics in China, 2015. CA Cancer J Clin, 2016. 66(2): p. 115-32.
[3]Chen, Y.P., et al., Nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Lancet, 2019. 394(10192): p. 64-80.
[4]Ma, B.B., et al., Prognostic significance of tumor angiogenesis, Ki 67, p53 oncoprotein, epidermal growth factor receptor and HER2 receptor protein expression in undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma--a prospective study. Head Neck, 2003. 25(10): p. 864-72.
[5]Peng, L., et al., The Efficacy and Safety of Anti-epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Monoclonal Antibodies in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Literature-based Meta-analyses. J Cancer, 2018. 9(23): p. 4510-4520.
[6] Xu, T., et al., Cetuximab in combination with chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of recurrent and/or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Anticancer Drugs, 2016. 27(1): p. 66-70.
[7]Fang, W., et al., Camrelizumab (SHR-1210) alone or in combination with gemcitabine plus cisplatin for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: results from two single-arm, phase 1 trials. Lancet Oncol, 2018. 19(10): p. 1338-1350.
[8]Lv, J.W., et al., Comparative safety and efficacy of anti-PD-1 monotherapy, chemotherapy alone, and their combination therapy in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: findings from recent advances in landmark trials. J Immunother Cancer, 2019. 7(1): p. 159.
[9]Nishino, M., et al., Anti-PD-1 Inhibitor-Related Pneumonitis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res, 2016. 4(4): p. 289-93.
[10]Tanaka, Y., et al., Hyperprogressive disease after treatment with pembrolizumab in lung adenocarcinoma: An autopsy case study. Respir Med Case Rep, 2019. 28: p. 100885.
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