could have done的含义(表肯定与表推测)
英语口语中,我们时常会听到,在一个陈述句之前,添加How come...,表示“为什么;怎么会…(那样)”。这个用法的特点是:
1. How come 中的come 不受后面句子主语单复数的影响,没有单数形式,例如comes,也没有其他时态,例如came。
2. 后面的句子是一个陈述句语序,由于How 开头,句尾需要加问号。
3. 该句式表达两层意思:(1)说话者确实不知道“为何或者为什么”,需要得到对方回答。(2)说话者知道答案而明知故问,带有“反问”的修辞用法。具体哪种用法,需根据语境判断。
How come you are not at work today?
今天你为什么不上班呢?
How come you are only nice to me before the exam?
怎么搞的,只在考试前才对我好?
How come she has descended to stealing?
她怎么会堕落到偷窃的?
How come you never visit me any more?
你究竟为什么总不来看我呢?
How come you haven't read this book?
你怎么没读过这本书?
How come he got that job at the factory?
他怎么会找到工厂那份工作的?
How come 还可以单独使用:
You're wearing your best clothes today. How come?
你今天穿上你最好的衣服,为什么?
关于网友的句子:
How come you could have forgotten being helped by that guy so kind?
英语中,could have forgotten 表示“对过去情况的推测”,一般用于疑问句和否定句。
本句由于之前加了How come,所以,could have forgotten 已经变成了带有“疑问”——实际是“反问”的句子。所以翻译为:
How come you could have forgotten being helped by that guy so kind?
【翻译】那么好的一位伙计帮了你,你怎么会忘记了呢?
【语法知识】could have done 表示“对过去情况的可能性推测”,could 语气较can 弱。
该结构表推测时,无肯定式,一般用于否定句和疑问句。也可用于表示“是否”的不确定的whetehr和if从句。否定句表示“过去不可能发生过某事”,疑问句表示“过去可能发生过某事吗”,whether (if)句表示“过去是否可能发生过某事”。例如:
He couldn’t have forgotten it. 他不可能已忘记此事。
I saw Mr. Zhang just now and he couldn't have gone to Beijing. 我刚才看见张先生了,他不可能去了北京。
Why does he know this? Could someone have told him about it? 他怎么知道? 会是哪个人告诉他了吗?
We could not have heard them because of the noise from the river. 由于有河水声我们不能听见他们的话。
【注意】在非正式英语或口语中,偶见到could have done 也可用于肯定句,表示推测:
She could have forgotten to tell him. 她可能忘记告诉他了。
Tom could have taken the money; he was here alone yesterday. 有可能是汤姆把钱拿走了,昨天他单独一个人在这里呆过。
In the example mentioned above, either method of construction could have been used.在上面提到的例子中,两种建造方法均可能用过。