本文选自《经济学人》10月12日文章。虽然西方在无人驾驶汽车领域发展历史悠久,但无人驾驶汽车的广泛应用,更有可能先出现在中国。中国的自动驾驶汽车也具有中国特色,它没有采用在汽车上安装可以应对复杂路况的驾驶软件,而是改造道路,在道路上安装可以引导汽车的传感器、设计城市布局,让它更加自动驾驶友好化、通过法律要求行人避让等,让自动驾驶汽车可以顺利通行。自动驾驶汽车的市值也非常惊人,预计到2040年,中国自动驾驶汽车的市值会达到2万亿美元
选文精讲
Chinese firms are taking a different route to driverless carsThe path to a world of self-driving remains long and windingOct 12th 2019 | BEIJING AND PALO ALTOTHE SELF-DRIVING cars that cruise around South Ronghua Road look just like their American counterparts: chunky sedans with a rack of sensors bolted to the roof and a supercomputer in the boot. Beijing’s government has dubbed this south-eastern patch of the city Beijing-E-Town. It is one of a growing number of urban spaces across China designated for testing autonomous vehicles (AVs). Digital lane markers can switch parts of the road to AV-only on demand. Signs announce “National Test Roads”. Cars bear the decals of China’s leading AV companies: Baidu, Pony.ai, WeRide.
在荣华南路上行驶的自动驾驶汽车看起来就像它们的美国同类:笨重的车型,车顶上栓着一排传感器,后备箱里装着一台超级计算机。北京政府将这座城市东南的一小块地称为北京经济技术开发区。它是中国被指定用于测试自动驾驶汽车的越来越多的城市区域之一。数字车道标记可以根据需要将部分道路切换为自动驾驶专用。标志上写着“全国试验道路”。汽车上印有中国领先的自动驾驶公司的标志:百度,小马智行、文远知行。
For years Western carmakers have promised a world awash with AVs by now, making roads safer and less congested (see table). That it is not shows just how tough a computational and regulatory nut self-driving is to crack. It increasingly seems that if AVs are to become widespread, it may happen first not in the West but in China. A fleet of Chinese firms hope to profit handsomely in the process.
- nut:常见意思是“坚果、螺母”,这里指“难解决的问题”
- crack: 劈开,裂开,这里指“打破、解决(困难)”
多年来,西方汽车制造商一直承诺电动汽车会成为世界主流,让道路更安全、更少拥堵(见表)。自动驾驶并没有显示出在计算和监管方面有多么困难,更多迹象表明,如果AVs能够广泛使用,那么它将首先出现在中国,而不是西方。许多中国公司希望在这个过程中获得丰厚的利润。