MySQL安装的三种方式

Mysql安装方式对比

安装方式 安装简易度 使用简易度 定制化程度 适合范围
rpm包安装 简单 简单 低 仅适合redhat/centos系列linux
二进制安装 安装简单，配置稍微复杂 中，需要自己管理起停 中 适合大部分Linux
mysql编译安装 复杂 复杂 高 几乎所有Linux, 以及自己需要特定模块的场景

彻底卸载mysql

查看是否有安装的mysql

rpm -qa | grep -i mysql // 查看命令1

yum list install mysql* // 查看命令2

卸载mysql安装包

yum remove mysql mysql-server mysql-libs compat-mysql51

yum remove mysql-community-release

rpm -e --nodeps mysql-community-libs-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64

rpm -e –nodeps mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch

总之删到通过上面两种命令查不出来任何有关mysql的东西。

删除残留的mysql目录或文件：

查询mysql安装目录

whereis mysql

find / -name mysql

删除查询出的目录，我的这个是在没有删除安装包的情况下截的图，所以可能比较多。

rm -rf /usr/lib64/mysql

rm -rf /usr/share/mysql

rm -rf /usr/bin/mysql

rm -rf /etc/logrotate.d/mysql

rm -rf /var/lib/mysql

rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/mysql

总之删到通过上面两种命令查不出来任何有关mysql的东西。

继续删除

删除mysql 配置文件

rm –rf /usr/my.cnf

rm -rf /root/.mysql_sercret

删除mysql开机自启动服务

chkconfig --list | grep -i mysql

chkconfig --del mysqld  // 服务名为你设置时候自己设置的名字

至此就卸载干净了

RPM安装

1、下载

  1. 下载地址: https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

  2. 下载方式

2、安装

  1. 上传至服务器任意位置

[root@mysql ~]# ls -lh

  1. yum 安装，会自动安装关联包

[root@mysql ~]# yum -y install mysql-community-*

3、配置

  1. 查看配置文件路径

[root@mysql ~]# rpm -qc mysql-community-server/etc/logrotate.d/mysql/etc/my.cnf

  1. 启动mysql

[root@mysql ~]# service mysqld start /systemctl mysqld start

  1. 查看mysql的初始密码：

[root@mysql mysql]# grep "temporary password" /var/log/mysqld.log2017-08-06T10:50:48.543649Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 5U2tMJBw8d-m

  1. 使用密码连接

[root@mysql mysql]# mysql -uroot -pEnter password:  输入上面查看到的初始密码登录

3、修改初始密码：

1. vi /etc/my.cnf

在文件最后增加：skip-grant-tables

再次使用任意密码登录：

2.mysql -uroot -pEnter password: 任意输入或直接回车  3.use mysql  4.show databases;  5.先将root密码置空  update user set authentication_string='' where  user='root';  6.查看当前root用户的相关信息     select host, user, authentication_string, plugin from user;  mysql> select host, user, authentication_string, plugin from user; user authentication_string plugin                  root  caching_sha2_password   7.FLUSH privileges; 刷新mysql相关系统权限表 注：不刷新则下面修改密码会报错  8.修改密码：修改密码时要用上面查询出来的host:   如果root的host 不是 '%' 则修改为:'%':  update user set Host='%' where User='root';  ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '密码';  9.vi /etc/my.cnf 将开始加的 skip-grant-tables注释掉：  10. vi /etc/my.cnf 在最后加上：  bind-address = 0.0.0.0 客户端才能连接上此mysql.

4、其他rpm安装方式

即是rpm, 那么肯定有提供rpm的镜像站。配置好后即可直接yum install。本人暂时没发现可靠的。

二进制安装

1、下载

  1. 下载地址: https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

  2. 下载方式

2、安装

  1. 上传包至服务器任意路径

[root@mysql ~]# ls -lhtotal 611M-rw-------. 1 root root 1.1K Jul 15 18:29 anaconda-ks.cfg-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 9.7K Jul 15 18:29 install.log-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3.3K Jul 15 18:29 install.log.syslog-rw-r--r--  1 root root 611M Aug  6 19:36 mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

  1. 安装

1. 解压到指定/opt目录，软连接[root@mysql ~]# tar xf mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /opt/[root@mysql ~]# cd /opt/[root@mysql opt]# ls -lhtotal 4.0Kdrwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4.0K Aug  6 19:38 mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64[root@mysql opt]# ln -sv mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql`mysql' -> `mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64'[root@mysql opt]# cd mysql

2. 新建mysql用户，并对/opt/mysql目录赋权[root@mysql mysql]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M -u 3306 mysql[root@mysql mysql]# id mysqluid=3306(mysql) gid=3306(mysql) groups=3306(mysql)[root@mysql mysql]# chown mysql.mysql -R /opt/mysql

3.编辑配置文件，这个版本并没有提供默认的配置文件[root@mysql mysql]# vim my.cnf[mysqld]datadir = /opt/mysql/dataport = 3306socket = /opt/mysql/mysqld.sockskip_name_resolve

4. 启动脚本[root@mysql mysql]# cp -av support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld`support-files/mysql.server' -> `/etc/init.d/mysqld'[root@mysql mysql]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqldbasedir=/opt/mysqldatadir=${basedir}/data

5. 初始化MySQL数据库[root@mysql mysql]# /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/opt/mysql --datadir=/opt/mysql/data/opt/mysql/bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libnuma.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory[root@mysql mysql]# yum provides libnuma.so.1    # 搜索该库是由哪个包提供Loaded plugins: fastestmirrorDetermining fastest mirrors * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.combase                                                                                                                                                                  | 3.7 kB     00:00     extras                                                                                                                                                                | 3.4 kB     00:00     updates                                                                                                                                                               | 3.4 kB     00:00     updates/primary_db                                                                                                                                                    | 2.5 MB     00:02     numactl-2.0.9-2.el6.i686 : Library for tuning for Non Uniform Memory Access machinesRepo        : baseMatched from:Other       : libnuma.so.1[root@mysql mysql]# yum -y install numactlLoaded plugins: fastestmirrorSetting up Install ProcessLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile.........Installed:  numactl.x86_64 0:2.0.9-2.el6                                                                                                                                                               

Complete!

[root@mysql mysql]# /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/opt/mysql --datadir=/opt/mysql/data2017-08-06T12:45:23.699674Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).2017-08-06T12:45:25.059615Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=457902017-08-06T12:45:25.446617Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.2017-08-06T12:45:25.511614Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 1e543114-7aa5-11e7-9a69-000c29d408d3.2017-08-06T12:45:25.515037Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.2017-08-06T12:45:25.516517Z 1 [Warning] root@localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option.

6. 添加环境变量及MAN配置文件[root@mysql mysql]# mysql-bash: mysql: command not found[root@mysql mysql]# echo 'export PATH=/opt/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysqld.sh && . /etc/profile.d/mysqld.sh[root@mysql mysql]# sed -i '43a \MANPATH /opt/mysql/man' /etc/man.config

7. 启动并连接mysql[root@mysql mysql]# service mysqld startStarting MySQL.. SUCCESS![root@mysql mysql]# mysqlERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2)[root@mysql mysql]# mysql -uroot -S /opt/mysql/mysqld.sockWelcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 4Server version: 5.7.19 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql>8. 添加至开机启动，并输出MySQL文件头，输出mysql的库文件给系统查找路径[root@mysql mysql]# chkconfig mysqld on[root@mysql mysql]# ln -sv /opt/mysql/include /usr/include/mysql`/usr/include/mysql' -> `/opt/mysql/include'[root@mysql mysql]# echo '/opt/mysql/lib' >> /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql-x86_64.conf[root@mysql mysql]# ldconfig

编译安装

1、下载

  1. 下载地址: https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

  2. 下载方式

2、安装

CPU越多越好，1核无法编译成功

  1. 准备依赖环境

[root@1 ~]# yum -y install cmake ncurses-devel gcc-c++Loaded plugins: fastestmirrorSetting up Install ProcessDetermining fastest mirrors * base: mirrors.zju.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.btte.net * updates: mirrors.aliyun.combase                                                                                                                                                                      | 3.7 kB     00:00     extras                                                                                                                                                                    | 3.4 kB     00:00     updates                                                                                                                                                                   | 3.4 kB     00:00     updates/primary_db                                                                                                                                                        | 2.5 MB     00:02     Resolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package cmake.x86_64 0:2.8.12.2-4.el6 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: libarchive.so.2()(64bit) for package: cmake-2.8.12.2-4.el6.x86_64.........Installed:  cmake.x86_64 0:2.8.12.2-4.el6                               gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.4.7-18.el6                               ncurses-devel.x86_64 0:5.7-4.20090207.el6                              

Dependency Installed:  cloog-ppl.x86_64 0:0.15.7-1.2.el6          cpp.x86_64 0:4.4.7-18.el6         gcc.x86_64 0:4.4.7-18.el6     glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.12-1.209.el6_9.2 glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.12-1.209.el6_9.2  kernel-headers.x86_64 0:2.6.32-696.6.3.el6 libarchive.x86_64 0:2.8.3-7.el6_8 libgomp.x86_64 0:4.4.7-18.el6 libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.4.7-18.el6   mpfr.x86_64 0:2.4.1-6.el6                  ppl.x86_64 0:0.10.2-11.el6                

Dependency Updated:  glibc.x86_64 0:2.12-1.209.el6_9.2                                                           glibc-common.x86_64 0:2.12-1.209.el6_9.2                                                          

Complete!

  1. 上传源码包至linux随意路径

[root@1 ~]# tar xf mysql-boost-5.7.19.tar.gz[root@1 ~]# cd mysql-5.7.19/

  1. 开始编译

[root@1 mysql-5.7.19]# cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/opt/mysql > -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/opt/mysql/data \> -DSYSCONFDIR=/opt/mysql/ \> -DWITH_BOOST=boost \> -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \> -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \> -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \> -DWITH_READLINE=1 \> -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/opt/mysql/mysqld.sock \> -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \> -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \> -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \> -DENABLE_DOWNLOADS=1 \> -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \> -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \> -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci-- Running cmake version 2.8.12.2-- Could NOT find Git (missing:  GIT_EXECUTABLE)-- Configuring with MAX_INDEXES = 64U-- The C compiler identification is GNU 4.4.7-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 4.4.7-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc.........-- CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO: -O3 -g -fabi-version=2 -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-strict-aliasing -DDBUG_OFF-- Configuring done-- Generating doneCMake Warning:  Manually-specified variables were not used by the project:

    WITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE    WITH_READLINE-- Build files have been written to: /root/mysql-5.7.19[root@1 mysql-5.7.19]# echo $?    # 输出状态码可以判断上述命令是否执行成功，为0就成功，其他状态码都是失败0[root@1 mysql-5.7.19]# make -j 2 && make install    # -j 2  指定用2核CPU编译Scanning dependencies of target INFO_BINScanning dependencies of target INFO_SRC[  0%] Built target INFO_SRC[  0%] Built target INFO_BINScanning dependencies of target abi_checkScanning dependencies of target zlib[  0%] Building C object zlib/CMakeFiles/zlib.dir/adl...等待编译...-- Installing: /opt/mysql/mysql-test/./mysql-test-run-- Up-to-date: /opt/mysql/mysql-test/mtr-- Up-to-date: /opt/mysql/mysql-test/mysql-test-run-- Installing: /opt/mysql/mysql-test/lib/My/SafeProcess/my_safe_process-- Up-to-date: /opt/mysql/mysql-test/lib/My/SafeProcess/my_safe_process-- Installing: /opt/mysql/mysql-test/lib/My/SafeProcess/Base.pm-- Installing: /opt/mysql/support-files/mysqld_multi.server-- Installing: /opt/mysql/support-files/mysql-log-rotate-- Installing: /opt/mysql/support-files/magic-- Installing: /opt/mysql/share/aclocal/mysql.m4-- Installing: /opt/mysql/support-files/mysql.server

3、配置

1. 添加mysql用户及将修改相应文件夹属主属组[root@1 support-files]# useradd -u 3306 -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql[root@1 support-files]# mkdir -pv /opt/mysql/data && chown mysql.mysql -R /opt/mysqlmkdir: created directory `/opt/mysql/data'

2. 准备my.cnf配置文件及mysql启动脚本，由于5.7.19并没有提供默认的配置文件，只能自己写了vim /opt/mysql/my.cnf[mysqld]datadir = /opt/mysql/dataport = 3306socket = /opt/mysql/mysqld.sockskip_name_resolve[root@1 support-files]# cp /opt/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld && chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld

3. 执行初始化命令, 5.7集成在mysql命令中[root@1 support-files]# cp /opt/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld && chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld[root@1 support-files]# /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/opt/mysql --datadir=/opt/mysql/data2017-08-06T17:02:01.666326Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).2017-08-06T17:02:03.364801Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=457902017-08-06T17:02:03.525083Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.2017-08-06T17:02:03.697839Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: f85cf1a8-7ac8-11e7-8e48-000c29d408d3.2017-08-06T17:02:03.701251Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.2017-08-06T17:02:03.713104Z 1 [Warning] root@localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option.2017-08-06T17:02:05.479148Z 1 [Warning] 'user' entry 'root@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.2017-08-06T17:02:05.479171Z 1 [Warning] 'user' entry 'mysql.session@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.2017-08-06T17:02:05.479178Z 1 [Warning] 'user' entry 'mysql.sys@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.2017-08-06T17:02:05.479188Z 1 [Warning] 'db' entry 'performance_schema mysql.session@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.2017-08-06T17:02:05.479192Z 1 [Warning] 'db' entry 'sys mysql.sys@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.2017-08-06T17:02:05.479198Z 1 [Warning] 'proxies_priv' entry '@ root@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.2017-08-06T17:02:05.479219Z 1 [Warning] 'tables_priv' entry 'user mysql.session@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.2017-08-06T17:02:05.479226Z 1 [Warning] 'tables_priv' entry 'sys_config mysql.sys@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.

4. 添加man手册及添加环境变量[root@1 support-files]# sed -i '43a \MANPATH /opt/mysql/man' /etc/man.config[root@1 support-files]# echo 'export PATH=/opt/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysqld.sh && . /etc/profile.d/mysqld.sh

5. 添加至开机启动项[root@1 support-files]# chkconfig mysqld on

6. 输出mysql的头文件至系统头文件路径/usr/include[root@1 support-files]# ln -sv /opt/mysql/include /usr/include/mysql`/usr/include/mysql' -> `/opt/mysql/include'

7. 输出mysql的库文件给系统查找路径[root@1 support-files]# echo '/opt/mysql/lib' >> /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql-x86_64.conf[root@1 support-files]# ldconfig

8. 启动并连接mysql[root@1 support-files]# service mysqld startStarting MySQL. SUCCESS![root@1 support-files]# mysqlWelcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 3Server version: 5.7.19 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql>9. mysql5.7密码表select Host,User,authentication_string from mysql.user;
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