Introduction部分突出问题与文献简介写作常用句式
突出重要问题常用句式
X is a key issue in …
X is a leading cause of …
X is a major problem in …
Of particular concern is …
One of the main obstacles（困难）…
One of the greatest challenges …
The main disadvantage of X is that …
X is associated with increased risk of …
X impacts negatively upon a range of …
It is now well established that X can impair …
X has led to the decline in the population of …
X is a growing public health concern worldwide.
The main challenge faced by many researchers is the …
X is one of the most frequently stated problems with …
Lack of X has existed as a health problem for many years.
X is a major environmental problem, and the main cause of …
X is the leading cause of death in western-industrialised countries.
There is increasing concern that some Xs are being disadvantaged … There is an urgent need to address the safety problems caused by …
Questions have been raised about the safety of the prolonged use of …
Despite its safety and efficacy, X suffers from several major drawbacks:
Along with this growth in X, however, there is increasing concern over …
X is increasingly recognised as a serious, worldwide public health concern.
X and its consequences are an important, but understudied, cause for concern.
文献简介常用句式
Recent evidence suggests that …
Extensive research has shown that …
Studies of X show the importance of …
It has previously been observed that …
Several attempts have been made to …
Data from several studies suggest that …
Previous research has established that …
Previous research comparing X and Y has found …
The existing body of research on X suggests that …
There is a growing body of literature that recognises …
Several theories on the origin of X have been proposed.
Existing research recognises the critical role played by …
It is now well established from a variety of studies, that …
Recently investigators have examined the effects of X on Y.
Surveys such as that conducted by Smith (1988) have shown that …
Factors found to be influencing X have been explored in several studies.
A number of cross-sectional studies suggest an association between X and Y…
Studies over the past two decades have provided important information on …
A considerable amount of literature has been published on X. These studies … In the past two decades, a number of researchers have sought to determine …
In previous studies of X, different variables have been found to be related to ...
The first serious discussions and analyses of X emerged during the 1970s with …
There have been a number of longitudinal studies involving X that have reported …
Xs were reported in the first studies of Y (e.g., Smith, 1977; Smith and Jones, 1977). What we know about X is largely based upon empirical studies that investigate how … Smith (1984: 217) shows how, in the past, research into X was mainly concerned with …
Results from earlier studies demonstrate a strong and consistent association between …
There are a large number of published studies (e.g., Smith, 2001; Jones, 2005) that describe …