消防英文：危险物品（Hazardous Materials）
危险物品（Hazardous Materials）
说明：
Chemicals are found everywhere. They purify drinking water, increase crop production, and simplify household chores. But chemicals also can be hazardous to humans or the environment if used or released improperly. Hazards can occur during production,storage, transportation, use, or disposal. You and your community are at risk ifa chemical is used unsafely or released in harmful amounts into the environment where you live,
work, or play.
(化学物品可以在任何地方出现，这些物品可以净化水质、增加农作物生产、简化家事等。但是化学物品如果使用或释放不当，也可能对人体或环境造成危害。危害可能在制造、储存、运送、使用或丢弃的过程中发生。假如化学物品未被安全使用或释放危险的量到你居住、工作或游憩的环境里时，你和你的小区都可能有危险。)
Hazardous materials in various forms can cause death, seriousinjury, long-lasting healtheffects, and damage to buildings, homes, and otherproperty. Many products containinghazardous chemicals are used and stored in homes routinely. These products are also
shipped daily on the nation's highways, railroads,waterways, and pipelines.
(不同形式的危险物品可能造成死亡、严重伤害、长期影响健康，并对建筑物、居家及其它财产造成损害。许多含有危险化学物质的产品经常在家庭中使用或储存。这些产品也透过国际间的高速公路、铁路、水道及管线来输送。)
Chemical manufacturers are one source of hazardous materials, but there are many others,including service stations, hospitals, and hazardous materials waste sites.
(化学物品的制造商是危险物品的来源之一，但是还有许多其它来源，像是服务站、医院及危险物品废弃处理场所。)
Varying quantities of hazardous materials are manufactured, used, or stored at an estimated 4.5 million facilities in the United States--from major industrial plants to local dry cleaning establishments or gardening supply stores.
(美国目前大约有4百50万设施制造、使用及储存不同数量的危险物品，从主要的工厂到地方的干洗店或园艺补给店。)
Hazardous materials come in the form of explosives, flammable and combustible
substances,poisons, and radioactive materials. These substances are most often released asa result of transportation accidents or because of chemical accidents in plants.
(危险物品可以以爆炸物、易燃与可燃性物质、毒药及放射性物质等形式呈现。这些物质最常因为运输事故意外或工厂化学物品意外而外泄。)
What to do During a Hazardous Materials Incident？
（危险物品意外发生时，该如何处置？）
Listen to local radio or television stations for detailed informationand instructions. Follow the instructions carefully. You should stay away from thearea to minimize the risk of contamination. Remember that some toxic chemicals areodorless.
（收听当地的收音机或收看电视以获得最新的信息及指示。小心地遵循指示。你应该远离这些区域，以减少受污染的风险。记得有些有毒的化学物品是没有臭味的。）
If you are：（假如你）
Asked to evacuate（被要求撤离）
--Do so immediately.（请立即这样做。）
--Stay tuned to a radio or television for information on evacuation routes, temporary shelters,and procedures.
（持续收听收音机或收看电视以获得撤离的路线、临时避难所及撤离程序。）
--Followthe routes recommended by the authorities--shortcuts may not be safe. Leave at once.
（遵循有关单位所建议之撤离路线，快捷方式不一定安全，应该立即离开。）
--Ifyou have time, minimize contamination in the house by closing all windows, shutting
all vents, and turning off attic fans.
（假如你有时间的话，关闭所有窗户、通风口及阁楼风扇，以减少污染。）
--Takepre-assembled disaster supplies.
（带走预先准备好的紧急补给品。）
--Rememberto help your neighbors who may require special assistance--infants, elderly peopleand people with disabilities.
（记得帮助你可能需要特别协助的邻居，像是婴儿、老人或行动不便的人。）
What to do During a Hazardous Materials Incident？
（危险物品意外发生时，该如何处置？）
If you are：（假如你正在）
●Caught Outside（户外）
--Stay up stream, uphill, and upwind! In general, try to go at least one-half mile
（usually 8-10 city blocks） fromthe danger area. Move away from the accident scene and help keep others away.
（留在上游、山上及上风处。一般来说，试着远离危险区域至少半哩处。离开事故的现场，并协助禁止其它人进入该区域。）
--Do not walk into or touch any spilled liquids, airborne mists, or condensed solid
chemical deposits. Try not to inhale gases, fumes and smoke. If possible, cover mouth witha cloth while leaving the area.
（不要走入或触摸任何溅出的液体、空气中的薄雾或浓缩的固态化学沈淀物。试着不要去吸入气体、烟雾及浓烟。可以的话，在离开危险区域时以衣物盖住嘴巴。）
--Stay away from accident victims until the hazardous material has been identified.
（远离意外事故的受害者，直到危险物品已经被辨识出来。）
●In a motor vehicle（在汽车内）
--Stopand seek shelter in a permanent building. If you must remain in your car, keep carwindows and vents closed and shut off the air conditioner and heater.（停车并在固定性的建筑物内寻找避难场所。假如你必须留在你的车内，保持车窗及通风口关闭，并关闭空调及暖气。）
What to do During a Hazardous Materials Incident？（危险物品意外发生时，该如何处置？）
●Requested to stay indoors.（被要求留在室内时）
--Bring pets inside.（带着宠物进入屋内。）
--Close and lock all exterior doors and windows. Close vents, fireplace dampers, and asmany interior doors as possible.
（关闭并锁上所有外部的门窗。关上通风口、壁炉风门及所有外部的门。）
--Turnoff air conditioners and ventilation systems. In large buildings, set
ventilation systems to 100 percent recirculation so that no outside air is drawn into the building.If this is not possible, ventilation systems should be turned off.
（关上空调和通风系统。在大型的建筑物内，设定通风系统在百分之百重新循环，让外面的空气不会被吸入室内。假如这样没有办法做到，通风系统应该关闭。）
--Go into the pre-selected shelter room. This room should be above ground
and have thefewest openings to the outside.
（进入事前预先准备的避难室。这避难室应该在地面上，并有最少的进出口。）
--Seal gaps under doorways and windows with wet towels or plastic sheeting and duct tape.
（用湿毛巾或塑料被单及管道带将门道及窗户下方的间隙封上。）
--Seal gaps around window and air conditioning units, bathroom and kitchen
exhaust fans,and stove and dryer vents with duct tape and plastic sheeting, wax paper or aluminum wrap.
（用管道带、塑料被单、蜡纸或锡箔纸封上窗户、空调设备、浴室和厨房排气扇、炉具和干燥机通风口周边的间隙。）
--Use material to fill cracks and holes in the room, such as those around pipes.（使用一些东西把房间的裂缝及破洞填满，像是用来填补水管的东西。）
--If gas or vapors could have entered the building, take shallow breaths through a
cloth or a towel. Avoid eating or drinking any food or water that may be contaminated.
（假如气体或蒸汽可能进入建筑物内，透过衣物或毛巾浅呼吸。避免吃进或喝进任何可能被污染食物或水。）
●Shelter Safety for Sealed Rooms.（密闭房间的避难安全事项）
--Ten square feet of floor space per person will provide sufficient air to prevent carbondioxide build-up for up to five hours, assuming a normal breathing rate while resting.（假设在正常休息的呼吸速率下，每个人10平方英呎的地板空间可以提供足够5个小时以上的空气，以避免二氧化碳堆积。）
--However,local officials are unlikely to recommend the public shelter in a sealed room
for more than 2-3 hours because the effectiveness of such sheltering diminishes with
time as the contaminated outside air gradually seeps into the shelter. At this point,
evacuation from the area is the better protective action to take.
（然而，当地的官员不太可能建议民众在密闭的房间内避难超过2-3个小时，因为这样避难的效能会随着时间而减少，当受污染的空气逐渐地渗入避难所时。在这个时候，从这个区域撤离可能会是比较好的保护方式。）
--Also you should ventilate the shelter when the emergency has passed to avoid
breathing contaminated air still inside the shelter.
（当紧急状况已经通过时，你也应该让避难所通风，以避免吸入仍留在避难所内受污染的空气。）
What to do After a Hazardous MaterialsIncident？（危险物品意外事故发生之后，应该如何处置？）
The following are guidelines for the period following a hazardous materials incident：
（下列是在危险物品意外事故发生后一些注意处置事项：）
●Return home only when authorities say it is safe. Open windowsand vents
and turn on fans to provide ventilation.
（只有在当局相关人员指示已经安全的情况，才能回到家中。打开窗户和通风口，并开启电风扇以提供通风。）
●Act quickly if you have come in to contact with or have beenexposed to hazardous chemicals. Do the following：
（假如你进来后接触到或暴露在危险化学物质下，迅速采取行动。依照下列的方式：）
--Follow decontamination instructionsfrom local authorities. You may be advised to take a thorough shower, or you maybe advised to stay away from water and follow another procedure.
（遵循当地官方人员指示除污染动作。你可能被建议去淋浴或远离水源或采取其它的程序。）
--Seek medical treatment for unusualsymptoms as soon as possible.
（如有不寻常症状，尽速寻求医疗协助。）
--Place exposed clothing and shoesin tightly sealed containers. Do not allow them to contact other materials. Calllocal authorities to find out about proper disposal.
（置放受污染的衣物和鞋子在一个紧密密封的容器里。不要让这些衣物鞋子接触到其它的物品。联络当地主管单位了解如何处置。）
--Advise everyone who comes into contact with you that you may have been exposed to a toxic substance.
（告知任何与你接触的人，你自己可能已经暴露在有毒的物质中。）
●Find out from local authorities how to clean up your land and property.
（寻求当地主管单位如何清理你的家园和财产。）
●Report any lingering vapors or other hazards to your local emergency services office.
（发现任何滞留不去的烟雾或危害，向你的当地紧急处置单位回报。）
您需要了解的消防英文：
消防英文：介绍、交往、开场白、叙事、询问及结论--青少年纵火之审查方法
消防英文：预防的等级（Levels of Prevention）