黄文琪雅思口语：Part2有趣的动物（企鹅）

1 clumsy 笨拙的

While popular culture depicts them as clumsy, adorable birds with endlessly abundant populations, the truth is that penguins are exceedingly graceful, often ornery, and their populations are in rapid free fall. 流行文化中，企鹅被描述为一种笨拙可爱，并且数量庞大的鸟类。事实上企鹅十分优雅，时常脾气暴躁，同时它们的数量在急剧减少。

2 precarious 危险的，不确定的

Their real life situation is far more precarious than people think. 它们所面临的危机远比我们所想的严重。

3 flight-capable birds 有能力飞行的鸟类

They are one of the few birds species that cannot fly, having evolved from flight-capable birds about 60 million years ago. 它们是少数不能飞行的鸟类之一，虽然它们在大约6千万年前曾经是具有飞行能力的鸟类。

4 close living relative 关系近的现存生物

Surprisingly, their closest living relative is the albatross, a bird known for its enormous wingspan and extraordinary soaring abilities. 惊奇的是，现存生物中与企鹅关系最近的是信天翁。这种鸟类以其巨大的翼展，和非凡的翱翔能力为人所熟知。

5 flipper-like wings 鳍状翅膀

The penguin’s short, flipper-like wings and solid bones allow them to swim faster and dive deeper than any other bird on earth. 企鹅短小的鳍状翅膀和坚实的骨骼使他们能够比地球上其他鸟类游得更快，潜得更深。

6 inhabit the southern hemisphere 栖息在南半球

Penguins inhabit the southern hemisphere, being one of the few bird species able to breed in the coldest environments. 企鹅栖息在南半球，是少数能在严寒环境中繁衍的鸟类。

7 live in subtemperate to temperate regions 生活在亚温带至温带地区

In fact, only 4 of the 18 penguin species regularly live and breed in Antarctica. Most penguins live in subtemperate to temperate regions. 事实上，在18种企鹅中，仅有4种固定在南极栖息繁衍。大部分企鹅生活在亚温带至温带地区。

8 come to shore 上岸

Although penguins spend 75% of their lives at sea, they must come to shore every year to reproduce and to molt their feathers. 尽管企鹅一生中有75%的时间都生活在水中，但它们每年必须上岸进行繁殖和换毛。

9 have different nesting practices 有不同的筑巢方式

Different penguin species have different nesting practices. Some dig burrows into dirt, sand, or dried guano; some nest in tussock grasses; some build nests out of small rocks, sticks, and bones; while others don't build any nests at all. 不同种类的企鹅有着不同的筑巢方式。有的在泥土/沙子或者鸟粪上打洞； 有的在草丛中筑巢；有的用小石块, 树枝和骨头筑巢。有的甚至不筑巢。