Nature：欧洲改革后的农业政策令人失望

上个月，欧盟议会、理事会和委员会就欧盟共同农业政策的改革达成妥协。 委员会副主席弗兰斯·蒂默曼斯 (Frans Timmermans) 称赞这笔交易是“我们在欧洲从事农业的方式的真正转变”。 我们认为，这笔 2700 亿欧元（3180 亿美元）的交易不太可能在 2023-27 年期间实现气候影响和生态系统的预期改善。

补贴所依赖的几乎所有条件都被淡化了。 特别是，轮作作物和保护富含碳的土壤和景观特征的要求特别不明确。 旨在鼓励农民提供更多环境服务的生态计划文书让成员国决定太多，如果他们落后，委员会几乎没有干预的余地。 令人失望的是，大部分预算将用于“一切照旧”而不是面向未来。

欧盟单一市场的规模意味着政策改革的失败将对全球产生影响。 现在由成员国来确保他们支持委员会实现其绿色协议的雄心。

Last month, the European Union’s parliament, council and commission reached a compromise on reforms to the bloc’s Common Agricultural Policy. Commission vice-president Frans Timmermans hailed the deal as “a real shift in how we practice agriculture in Europe”. In our view, this €270-billion (US$318-billion) deal is unlikely to achieve the desired improvements in climate impact and ecosystems over the period 2023–27.

Almost all the conditions on which subsidies depend have been watered down. In particular, the requirements to rotate crops and protect carbon-rich soils and landscape features are particularly unambitious. The Eco-schemes instrument, intended to encourage farmers to provide more environmental services, leaves too much up to member states to decide, and there is little scope for the commission to intervene if they fall behind. Disappointingly, most of the budget will be spent on 'business as usual’ instead of on future-proofing.

The size of the EU single market means that this failure to properly reform the policy will have global implications. It is now up to member states to ensure that they support the commission in realizing its Green Deal ambitions.

Nature 595, 650 (2021)

doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-02047-y

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