Lag-3 Franchise Update
如下,不过达瓦里希雅各布的版本有个error,IBI110是Anti-Lag3 MAb,IBI323才是 Anti-Lag3xPD-L1 bsAb:
Ph3 阶段
1)BMS的Relatlimab
Nivolumab+Relatlimab vs Nivolumab用于1L MEL
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03743766
我是没有觅到Ph1剂量递增的图,谁有方便的话后台可以传送下(相关内容见周四推送)
回顾之前:BMS-986106+Nivo用于PD-1/-L1后进展的MEL,可以看出基疗效与LAG-3表达相关而与PD-L1+ 表达无关,所以主要是LAG-3+阳性的这部分患者贡献
然后回顾下CM-067 O+Y vs O vs Y in 1L MEL regardless of BRAF status
ORR 58% vs 45% vs 19%
PFS 11.5 mo vs 6.9 mo vs 2.9mo【O+Y vs Y HR 0.42,O vs Y HR 0.53】
OS NR(>60mo) vs 36.9mo vs 19.9mo【O+Y vs Y HR 0.52,O vs Y HR 0.63】
不过Relatilmab的特点就是安全
Ph2 阶段
1)首先是Immutep的Leramilimab (IMP701)和Eftilagimod alpha(IMP321):
前者与诺华合作开发代号LAG525,ASCO18披露了单药及联合斯巴达单抗的Ph1,安全性很好,疗效一般
https://ascopubs.org/doi/10.1200/JCO.2018.36.15_suppl.3012
SITC20上披露了联合斯巴达单抗在PD-1/-L1未治及经治的患者中的数据,看入排标准,应该是PD-1/-L1未治的患者应该是有部分接受过化疗等一线治疗了
还没有biomarker分析的结果,但是Lag3在这里的前景的确不乐观
Results As of June 1, 2020, 235 patients were enrolled in the Phase II part of the study, including patients with NSCLC (n=42), melanoma (n=42), RCC (n=38), mesothelioma (n=57), or TNBC (n=56).In total, 142 patients were naïve to, and 93 patients were pretreated with, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.
Overall, 232 patients (99%) discontinued treatment, 76% due to progressive disease.
ORR and disease control rate by indication and prior anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment are summarized below (table 1). Best overall response was 3 (1.3%) CR, 23 (9.8%) PR, 84 (35.7%) SD, 95 (40.4%) PD, and 30 (12.8%) unknown.
For patients naïve to anti-PD-1/PD-L1, median progression free survival (mPFS) in months (90% CI) was 3.9 (1.7–5.6) for NSCLC, 2.2 (1.6–5.6) for melanoma, 4.4 (2.1–11.1) for RCC, 5.5 (3.5–6.4) for mesothelioma, and 1.9 (1.6–2.6) for TNBC.
For patients pretreated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1, mPFS in months (90% CI) was 3.5 (1.9–4.9) for NSCLC, 1.9 (1.8–3.7) for melanoma, 3.0 (1.6–3.9) for RCC, 3.4 (1.8–3.8) for mesothelioma, and 1.7 (1.3–3.4) for TNBC.
Adverse events of any grade, regardless of cause, were reported in 233 (99%) patients; the most common (occurring in >20%) were nausea (25%), fatigue (23%), and dyspnea (21%).
然后是可溶性Lag3-Fc融合蛋白IMP321
主要兴趣就是PD-1 combo的结果,
一个是联合KEYTRUDA的TACI-mel,安全性不错,ORR和PFSR相比KEYTRUDA-006的历史数据有一些改进,但是都是PD-1 naive,也没有Lag3+这种biomarker数据,结论很难下
TACTI-002包含了1L NSCLC、2L PD-1 naive的HNSCC和2L PD-1 ref 的NSCLC,其中2L PD-1 naive的HNSCC远好于PEMBRO的历史数据,已经启动了对照试验,1L NSCLC相比PEMBRO单药略有提升还在做进一步的验证,2L PD-1 ref 的NSCLC结果一般,基本就是PEMBRO或NIVO的2L NSCLC的历史数据
这个就是自取其辱了
2)INCYTE和Agenus合作开发的INCAGN2385
目前单药的临床应该完成,已经启动PD-1+Lag3+Tim3三联的临床
3)MERCK的MK-4280
单药及联合的结果在SITC18上披露过,安全性是极好的,疗效是绝望的
https://www.merck.com/news/early-phase-1-data-from-mercks-oncology-pipeline-for-investigational-anti-lag-3-therapy-mk-4280-and-anti-tigit-therapy-mk-7684-to-be-presented-at-sitcs-33rd-annual-meeting/
而同期披露的MK-7684 (Anti-TIGIT Therapy)继ESMO20更新了NSCLC 1L& 2L数据后今年也快速进入了Ph3,反倒是MK-4280销声匿迹了,除了ASH19披露了一个联合PEMBRO针对恶性血液肿瘤的Ph1/2(NCT03598608):PD-1/-L1 -naive R/R cHL(cohort 1)、PD-1/-L1 inhibitor ref R/R cHL(cohort 2)、R/R DLBCL(cohort 3)和 R/R iNHL(cohort 4):
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03598608
其他临床包括:
NCT02720068:SITC18的结果来自这个临床的Part A,后续的Part B包括MK4280单药、MK4280+PEMBRO、MK4280+PEMBRO+化疗、MK4280+PEMBRO+LENVA
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02720068
KEYNOTE-495(NCT03516981) :基于标志物GEP和TMB分别探索无化疗模式下PEMBRO联合Quavonlimab(MK-1308)、MK-4280或LENVA 用于1L治疗EGFR/ALK阴性的aNSCLC,一共12组(2x2x3)
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03516981
Substudy 03A:PEMBRO+LENVA联合不同方案1L治疗RCC,其中一个Cohort是PEMBRO+LENVA+MK-4280
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04626479
Substudy 03B: PEMBRO联合不同方案用于2L+ RCC,其中一个Cohort是PEMBRO+MK-4280
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04626518
总之MERCK的策略就是围绕PEMBRO往上调组合,不管是LENVA、TIGIT还是Q药,大有一副“朕的天下,你们谁也夺不走”的气势
4)Boehringer Ingelheim的 Miptenalimab(BI 754111)
只知道安全性好,其他不知道了
Safety of BI 754111, an anti-LAG-3 monoclonal antibody (mAb), in combination with BI 754091, an anti-PD-1 mAb, in patients with advanced solid tumors.
https://ascopubs.org/doi/abs/10.1200/JCO.2020.38.15_suppl.3063 Overall, 321 patients were treated with BI 754111 in combination with BI 754091 (200 [62%] male; median age, 63 years [range 18–88]). Median treatment exposure was 85 days (range 9–625). Of these patients, 282 (87.9%) had any AE (G≥3 in 99 [30.8%]). 285 patients received the 600 mg recommended phase II dose of BI 754111 plus BI 754091 240 mg q3w. Median treatment exposure in these patients was 74 days (range, 8–590). The table shows the 3 most common AEs and 4 most common immune-related AEs, and their frequency. 21 (7.4%) patients had AEs leading to study drug discontinuation, most commonly infusion-related reactions (IRRs) in 6 (2.1%) patients. Serious AEs (all-cause) occurred in 77 patients (27.0%), most commonly pleural effusion in 6 (2.1%) and deep vein thrombosis in 4 (1.4%) patients. 2 patients (0.7%) experienced an AE resulting in death (cardiac tamponade and acute kidney injury, both related to underlying diseases).
The combination of BI 754111 and BI 754091 had a manageable safety profile, similar to other checkpoint inhibitors.
5)Regeneron的REGN3767
ASCO19披露了REGN3767±Cemiplimab在晚期恶性肿瘤中的结果
https://investor.regeneron.com/static-files/66922f59-5fc1-486d-8172-caf14a46c9da
临床前模型显示了REGN3767联合Cemiplimab协同增效的合理性
单药和联合组的REGN3767分别爬了4和5个DL,联合组中前3个DL时Cemiplimab均是3mpk Q3W而到了后2个DL则是固定剂量350mg Q3W
患者基本是接受了≥3L治疗而且绝大部分是PD-1/-L1 naive,另外除了一开始就单药和联合的患者,还有部分从单药切换到联合的患者
药物暴露时间
安全性方面,单药的不良事件很低,联合组的AE主要也是Cemiplimab的安全谱
REGN3767的血药浓度呈现剂量相关性,而且单药组和联合组在同一DL下基本一致
治疗后单药组和联合组的CD4及CD8 TEM细胞相比基线都有扩增,但是联合组扩增倍数更高
疗效:单药BOR只有SD
联合组倒是有2例SCLC患者获得PR,都是在REGN3767 10mpk Q3W的DL,因为不知道是否接受过PD-1治疗,所以也说不清到底是谁的作用,另外这两例患者也是初次评估只有SD,总之很多说不清道不明
从单药切换到联合组的患者中1例EC和1例CSCC获得PR,都是REGN3676 3mpk Q3W的DL,持续缓解超过1年,同样也不知道是否接受过PD-1治疗,而且在治疗停止后这2例患者依旧持续缓解6-12个月,直觉很像是PD-1单药的效果,比如那例EC单药后是进展的,结果切换到联合组2个疗程后就PR了,想不到REGN这个浓眉大眼的也背叛了革命
总之这种疗效的结论考验一个人的文学功底
6)Macrogenics的Tebotelimab
这是一个基于DART®平台开发的PD-1xLAG-3双抗,ASCO20及ASH20上分别披露了在实体瘤和血液瘤中的数据
先看实体瘤部分
http://ir.macrogenics.com/static-files/ddc08de2-8702-4b25-a799-99d9c00f027b
剂量爬坡阶段确认DLTs、MTD和MAD后进入扩张阶段在600mg DL入组特定瘤种,同时在HER2+肿瘤中探索与Magretuximab的联合
三部分的基线看,患者先前接受的治疗中位数均是2,先前接受过ICI治疗比例分别43%、27%和5%
400-1200mgDL间血药浓度呈现线性相关,在≥120mg时候就可以实现受体的持久占有
递增阶段的结果,安全性可控,疗效方面一共3例缓解,其中2例先前PD-1难治(胸膜间皮瘤和胃癌各1例),另外18例患者获得SD,整个DCR 接近50%
单药扩增阶段,安全性方面:≥Gr3的TRAE 18%,而≥Gr3的治疗相关sAE 5.4%,因AE及≥Gr3 AE治疗终止的比例分别只有8.8%和7.8%,安全性接近PD-1单药
在TNBC、EOC和NSCLC等多个瘤种中观察到了疗效,但是在CPI naive和post的NSCLC的结果对比可以看出主要还是anti-PD-1起作用,但anti-LAG3也有一些较弱的疗效
另外可看出,PR与LAG-3表达有一定相关性,获得PR的都集中在LAG-3+的患者中,尤其是较高表达水平的患者,这部分缓解的患者中INFγ水平也显著提升
最后看联合组,首先是发现Fc改造的Magretuximab可以上调LAG-3和PD-L1的表达,另外MGD013可以增强Magretuximab结合的免疫细胞的裂解活性
联合治疗在RR的HER2+肿瘤中获得了43%的ORR,所有缓解的患者仍然在组,不过从缓解与PD-L1及LAG-3表达的分析看,似乎相关性不大,难道只有Magretuximab在起效?
不能一杆子拍死,还是要继续探索
ASH20上披露了在RR DLBCL中的结果
http://ir.macrogenics.com/static-files/e5a22dcc-27fb-466b-b00a-eb715c69c656
为什么是DLBCL?LAG-3高表达,PD-1单药又很弱
600mg DL,入组在接受了至少1轮含CD20的联合治疗,可接受ASCT,排除CNS淋巴瘤或者脑转移,另外至少10例患者先前接受过CD19 CAR-T
患者基线方面,先前接受的治疗中位线程数为3,GCB、non-GCB和双打击的占到50%,先前接受过CD19 CAR-T的占50%(正好10例)
安全性nice,整体ORR 53.8%,CAR-T naive及experienced的ORR分别71.8%和33.3%
相比于PD-L1表达,缓解与LAG-3表达的相关性似乎更大一些
感觉还是CR率略低了,等进一步的结果
6)Roche的RG6139(PD-1xLAG-3 bsAb)
还是老罗猛,直接祭出RG6139(PD-1xLAG-3 bsAb)or RG1661(PD-1xTIM-3 bsAb)vs Nivo用于2L ESCC的Ph2
之前Ph1
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04140500
Ph1 阶段
1)Glaxosmithkline/Anaptysbio的TSR-033(mAb)
https://mct.aacrjournals.org/content/18/3/632
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03250832
2)Servier/Symphogen的Sym022(mAb)
估计单药也是没戏,在疯狂联合
3)F-star Therapeutics的FS118(PD-L1xLAG-3 bsAb)
SITC20上披露的在CPI resistance的患者中的结果
后续开发计划
4)Xencor的XmAb22841(CTLA-4xLAG-3 bsAb)
思路清奇
更说不清LAG-3单药的事情了
5)Innovent Biologics的IBI110(LAG-3 mAb)和IBI323(IBI323)
IBI110
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04085185
IBI323
https://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/80/16_Supplement/3270
6)Leads Biolabs的LBL-007(LAG-3mAb)
biocytogen的B-hPD-1/hPD-L1/hLAG3 plus mice广告
直接撸MEL
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04640545
最后是主要的临床及样本
非要总结的话,就是像PD-1/PD-L1那样广谱的靶点短期内基本没有,不管是CTLA-4还是TIGIT、LAG-3亦或是TIM-3,尤其是后三者单药的疗效很弱,这就意味着要寻找合适的适应症及标志物,策略上单药看个安全性就可以了,找到合适的适应症群体直接码combo一线,考验企业的时候到了,毕竟不是谁都有运营KEYNOTE-001的经验