Global Change Biology Bioenergy：我国畜禽粪污沼液资源利用研究进展综述...
农业农村部沼气科学研究所畜禽粪污能源化利用与污染控制团队系统综述了近年来我国畜禽粪污沼液资源利用的研究进展与存在的问题，提出构建以沼气技术为纽带的农业生态系统平衡来解决沼液问题的观点。相关成果发表于Global Change Biology Bioenergy（IF=5.316）。
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Biogas industry in China is developing rapidly. This is particularly the case for livestock farm biogas plants, which are built to treat manure and wastewater. Managing the liquid digestate (LD) generated by anaerobic digestion of livestock wastes is becoming a bottleneck, restricting the sustainable development of the biogas industry in China. The separation of livestock breeding and arable farming, caused by rapid intensive animal husbandry development, is the main reason for the LD problem. Researchers, government representatives, and biogas plant operators in China have invested significant research efforts to maximize biogas‐linked agro‐ecosystem balance, which is considered as an important solution to the LD problem. This article reviewed these studies and proposed several solutions from the following four aspects: breeding mode, waste treatment mode, LD transportation mode, and LD utilization mode. One proposal is to reduce the scale of newly built livestock farms and disperse them in farmland, by promoting the “company + agent” livestock breeding mode. In this approach, farm scale would be based on the size of available farmland, and would allow for the use of LD in the near farmland. The second approach involves the intense separation of the livestock slurry and further transportation of the LD produced by the thick slurry. The third one is to expand the possible distances for transferring LD, using a pipe network or vehicle supervised by a professional third party. Finally, development of high value‐added products and bringing them to market is the ultimate solution for the future.
据王文国研究员介绍，沼气技术是我国畜禽粪污资源化利用的主要手段之一。近年来，我国以处理畜禽粪污为主的沼气技术发展迅速，但是沼液的处理利用问题正成为限制沼气行业可持续发展的瓶颈。沼液还田是沼液处置的主要手段，种植业与畜禽养殖业集约化水平不匹配造成的种养结合不畅是沼液问题产生的根本，构建以沼气技术为纽带的农业生态系统平衡是其解决之道。
该研究从畜禽养殖模式、粪污处理技术、沼液运输模式和沼液高值利用技术四个层面对如何构建以沼气技术为纽带的农业生态系统平衡进行了分析。在养殖模式上，通过“公司+代养”模式来降低新建畜禽养殖场的规模并将其分散，实现以种定养。在沼液处理技术上，通过固液分离、浓稀分流等技术延长沼液的运输距离以扩大平衡范围。在沼液运输模式上，通过专业的第三方对车辆、管道运输等进行高效的管理以降低成本。但是，开发高附加值沼液利用技术，如沼液浓缩制肥、微藻养殖和水培蔬菜等，并将其推向市场才是未来沼液问题的最终解决方案。
该研究得到中国农科院科技创新工程、国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项等项目资助。
责任编辑：宋潇
校对和审核：张阳 王农