【4/7 今日美史】艾森豪威尔的“多米诺骨牌理论”
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4/7
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President Dwight D. Eisenhower coined one of the most famous Cold War phrases when he suggested that the fall of French Indochina to the communists could create a “domino” effect in Southeast Asia.
Gen George C. Marshall and Dwight Eisenhower (l) conversing regarding the spread of communism.
Why
significant
The so-called “domino theory” dominated U.S. thinking about Vietnam for the next decade.
At the time, the Vietnamese nationalists, led by the communist Ho Chi Minh, were on the verge of winning against the French colonists. U.S. officials were concerned that a victory by Ho’s forces might leave a communist regime in control of all or part of Vietnam. In an attempt to rally congressional and public support for increased U.S. aid to the French, President Eisenhower gave an historic press conference.
He spent much of the speech explaining the significance of Vietnam to the U.S. First was its economic importance, as Vietnam produces important materials such as rubber, jute, and sulphur. There was also the “possibility that many human beings pass under a dictatorship that is inimical to the free world.” Finally, the president noted, “You have broader considerations that might follow what you would call the 'falling domino’ principle.” This would lead to disintegration in Southeast Asia, with the “loss of Indochina, of Burma, of Thailand, of the Peninsula, and Indonesia following.” Eisenhower suggested that even Japan, which needed Southeast Asia for trade, would be in danger.
Eisenhower’s words had little direct immediate impact–a month later, Dien Bien Phu fell to the communists, and an agreement was reached at the Geneva Conference that left Ho’s forces in control of northern Vietnam. In the long run, however, Eisenhower’s announcement of the “domino theory” laid the foundation for U.S. involvement in Vietnam. John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson both used the theory to justify their calls for increased U.S. economic and military assistance to non-communist South Vietnam and, eventually, the commitment of U.S. armed forces in 1965.
Tags
Cold War, Vietnam War, domino theory, President Dwight D. Eisenhower
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