（一），经文善行无辙迹，善言无瑕谪(xiá zhé)，善数（shǔ）不用筹策。善闭无关楗（jiàn）而不可开，善结无绳约而不可解。是以圣人常善救人，故无弃人；常善救物，故无弃物。是谓袭明。故善人者，不善人之师；不善人者，善人之资。不贵其师，不爱其资，虽智大迷，是谓要妙。（二），关键词瑕谪：空隙、漏洞。筹：用来计数的大量竹签。数：算数、计算。策：竹简。闭：关闭。楗：关门的木闩（shuān），指闩子。结：缔也，丝线绞织、连接在一起不可解开。约：缠绕捆缚，打结。救：给与帮助使之脱离困难或险境。弃人：被摈弃之人，不可用之人。袭：照样做，沿袭。明：明白、领悟。袭明：举一反三的领悟，即与前边所例举的“善行无辙迹”、“善言无瑕谪(xiá zhé)”、“善数（shǔ）不用筹策”、“善闭无关楗（jiàn）而不可开”、“善结无绳约而不可解”包含的道理一样。善人者：指某方面擅长的人，如善行、善言、善数、善闭、善结者等。师：老师、导师或擅长某种技能之人。资：资源，指被指导的对象。要妙：关键奥妙。（三），经文释义善于驾行没有辙痕，善于言论没有漏洞，善于算数不用竹签。善于关闭没有闩子却不会被打开，善于绞绳没有打结却不会被解开。所以圣人总是善于救助他人，故而没有被摈弃之人（无摈弃之人正说明圣人善于救助人）；总是善于救助他物，故而没有被摈弃之物（无摈弃之物正说明圣人善于救助物）。这是一种举一反三的领悟（与前边所举事例如“善行无辙迹”等道理相同）。所以某方面擅长的人，是不擅长之人的导师；不擅长的人，是擅长之人的指导对象（——圣人善于救人救物，并非圣人样样都擅长，样样都亲历亲为，而是圣人善于利用擅长之人去指导不擅长之人，把不擅长之人作为擅长之人的指导对象，如此善利万物以致万物各得其所）。（王若）不重视那些导师，不珍爱那些被指导对象，即便聪慧但实则相当糊涂，这是关键奥妙（——王若厚此薄彼或皆不重视，则有弃人弃物，天下必乱，最终自己被弃）。Being good at driving leaves no tracks.Being good at speech leaves no flaws.Being good at counting makes uses of no bamboo sticks.Being good at shut makes use of no bolts,and yet cannot be opened.Being good at wringing ropes makes use of no knot,and yet cannot be untied.Therefore the Sage is good at helping men, for that reason there is no rejected (useless) person (there is no rejected person means that the Sage is good at helping men).He is good at saving things,for that reason there is nothing rejected (there is nothing rejected means that the Sage is good at saving things).This is a kind of understanding by drawing inferences about other cases from one instance (the same as the previous examples, such as 'being good at driving leaves no track').Therefore, people who are good at doing something are the teachers of the slow, and the slow are the instructed objects of the good (-the Sage is good at helping men and saving things, not because he is good at everything and does everything himself, but because he is good at using the people who are good at doing something to guide the people who is not good at doing something, and takes the people who are not good at doing something as the guidance object of the people who are good at doing something. So good at making use of everything that everything plays its proper role).The king, who doesn’t value the teachers, who doesn’t cherishes the instructed objects, is actually quite confused, although he is intelligent.Such is the key secret (- if the king favors one more than another or pays no attention to both, there will be rejected person and things, the world must be in chaos, and finally he will be rejected ).（四），问题思辨关于“袭明”的理解，如果不把整句“是以圣人常善救人，故无弃人；常善救物，故无弃物”所言具体内容和整句的由来结合起来，即不把“是以”是怎么来的和具体怎样搞清楚，是没法得出其正确释义的。同理，“故善人者，不善人之师；不善人者，善人之资”一句，若不仔细斟酌具体内容和“故”之由来，就没法打通上下文而整体统一，必然也无法理解最终之“不贵其师，不爱其资，虽智大迷，是谓要妙”之“要妙”。这是“常无欲”、“常有欲”合二为一之整体论不断应用的结果。“玄”即整体论，“玄之又玄”即不断应用整体论。
